Henrys Speeches in William Shakespeares Henry V -- Papers Henry V 5

Henry's Speeches in William Shakespeare's Henry V I will be writing about how Henry V wins the hearts of his men. Using, five main speeches that Henry V makes. I think that Henry won the hearts of his men by persuasion. Beforehand, I would like to apologize because I may talk about what ‘Henry’ says but I truly know this is what Shakespeare wrote. In the first speech the Dauphin presented Henry V with a set of tennis balls as a joke and insult. He was suggesting that Henry was a ‘child’ and not fit for being a king. I expected Henry V to be angry and yell with frustration but I noticed a sudden silence before Henry started his speech; it seemed as though he was collecting his thoughts and thinking how to answer Dauphin’s so called, â€Å"joke.† Henry used that time exceptionally wisely, he starts off with alliteration (which he also uses in Speeches 3, 4 and 5), â€Å"Pleasant/ Present/ Pains.† These words may sound calm and polite, but all these words need to be said with clenched teeth. I found the line 290, Act One Scene 2, interesting where Henry says, â€Å"†¦dazzle all the eyes of France, Yea strike the Dauphin blind to look us,† Henry compares himself to the sun: so bright and successful that the Dauphin would not be able to look up to him, making the Dauphin feel inferior. Henry here plays splendidly with words as we can see throughout the play, â€Å"Turn his balls to gunstones,† Henry changes something as harmless and simple as tennis balls into weapons of destruction. Henry is often religious and spiritual in his speeches. Here he says, â€Å"and soul shall stand sore†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he attacks the Dauphin n... ...e me thinks, me/ fear, fellowship,† once again to give a rhythm to his speech and it makes one think about the words said. Henry names the day, â€Å"Feast of Crispin’s Day,† to me that sounded more of emotional blackmailing than encouragement. Henry says that if they win this battle they would be as common as, â€Å"household words.† Shakespeare utilizes the technique of ‘use of three’, â€Å"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers,† making it easier for his soldiers to trust him, making him sound more trustworthy. He uses emotional blackmail again as well, â€Å"Shall be my brothers.† I admired how different each speech is. I found it inspiring how Shakespeare can make Henry sound so trustworthy, sensitive and compassionate and two minutes later he can change the way one seems Henry just by the words he says.

Research Methadology

Research Topic Linking enhanced employee performance to the achievement of the company’s goals and objectives so as to generate increased productivity: The case of â€Å"SUBWAY†, Rathbone Place. Submitted by LOKEMAN HOSAIN MOLLAH ID – 0385VLVL0209 MBA-A Submitted to DR. BERNADETTE WARNER Submission date 26 august 2009 Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to take an opportunity to say thanks to Dr. Bernadette Warner who has vast knowledge about business strategy and international business, which is helpful to complete this proposal. Also I would like to say thanks to Mr Hmant Dixit, the operational director of â€Å"SONISH LTD† who helped me a lot to get information about subway and the employees of Subway in Rathbon Place, London. And I would like to give special thanks to Mr. Mamunur Roshed, area Manager,Sonish Ltd and Mr. Arifur Rahaman, Store Manager, Rathbonr Place for their cordial support. Table of contents Introduction Topic area Problem statement Background and purpose of the research Literature review Aims and Objectives of the research Research Questions Research Design and Methodology Sources and acquisition of data Data analysis Timetable About Subway Conclusion 1. Introduction In today’s business become more globalize, and competitive, for this reason it is very essential to find out a ways to make our organizational resources more creative and productive. In many organizations, the most important and exclusive resource is employee and as a result, a lot of time is spent on creating processes and conditions that drive and motivate our employees. And if we can motivate and encourage our employee then their performance will be good which is very important for an organization. Increasing employee performance can achieve maximum business performance, for this reason every individual employee has to work at their optimal level and be focused on the correct tasks. Effective Employee Performance Management (EPM) adoption empowers employees to take responsibility for their own productivity, and allows a business to fully align goals, activities and tasks to support the direction of the company. Employee Performance Management helps organizations improve both the processes and the productivity of managing a workforce. In most service organizations, attrition is critical to consistent performance and success. Employee Performance Management strategies can help your organization make dramatic business performance improvements and yield tremendous benefits beyond cost reductions. 2. Topic area The topic area is to cover the employee performance at Subway to achieve the company’s objectives and productivity This research will conduct correlate the gaps in individual performance and organizational productivity, with the environment that exists in Subway. 3. Problem statement To stay in a global market, organization need to have very high performing, productive, and motivated workforce ( Madhok & Phene , 2001 ) . However , the problem is that organization have not been able to effectively tap into and leverage the full potential of individuals, to enable them to operate at their peak / optimized level of performance. Consequently, most employees are under performing in organizations. The inability of an organization to use the full potential of an employee’s capacity has had a negative impact on the overall productivity and competitiveness organizations in a global market. (Check land, 1999). 4. Background and purpose of the research The purpose of this research is to determine how organization could become more productive, and thus competitive, by enabling their employees to raise their overall level of performance and productivity, and assist employees to operate at high level of capacity by adopting the best practices of top performing employees in the organization. Building on the work on Pratt and Foreman (2000), the author was interest in determining, in a systematic and holistic manner, the impact of any interrelated organizational factors or entities that had a positive or negative impact on individual performance. The present research initiated to address a key organizational issue and leveraged a number of fundamental questions – First, how can organization become capable of sustained high performance? Second, can organizations leverage the full potential of their employees? Third why do most employees in organizations work at 60% of the full capacity? Finally, why most employees about 90% of the total workforce, considered to be typical employees? (Boyett & Conn, 1995). We need a comprehensive approach to a style of management that enables every employee to aspire to excellence. Now only a few employees are excellent. Most employees are performing below their capacity and our piecemeal efforts to improve performance aren’t working. (Boyett & Conn, 1995) 5. Literature review In the literature review will provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on individual performance, organizational productivity, and connection that may exist between these two. This overview will include a review and analysis of the seminal books and articles as well as many of the most current books and articles on the subject. In a general and broad sense, this review revealed that individual performance and organizational productivity can be affected by five key factors: leadership /management, the nature of the job itself, the environment of the job, personal drivers or factors and the individual’s emotional intelligence. When observed in isolation, each of these factors can have a positive or negative impact on individual performance. However, when combined and observed holistically it quickly becomes apparent to this that the leadership/ management factor can have a positive or negative impact on how the other four factors are shaped . The section that immediately follows will briefly introduce each of these five factors followed by a section that is devoted to exploring these five factors in greater detail. 5. 1Management / Leadership Elements and impact Numerous studies have shown that management and leadership style, practices and approach can have an influence on individual performance and motivation. (Khaliq, 2001) Leader ship has been defined as, the ability to influence or inspire others to do something that needs to be done. It is instilling in each employee a sense of belonging and commitment towards the achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization and leaders are the catalysts that stimulate employees to develop their potential to the full. This section will provide Comprehensive review of the role, the significance, and the effect of management and / or leadership practices on individual performance, motivation and their overall development in organizations. A comprehensive review of the current literature includes recent books and articles that deal with this subject . Finally this review will include the various leadership and management styles approaches and characteristics that have a profound impact on individual motivation and performance. (Khaliq, 2001, p. 5) Khaliq (2001), compared the motivational and performance factors of the workforce in the United States to that of the Malay, Chinese and Indian workers employed by the Malaysian companies. He concluded many of the leadership approaches that dealt with the concepts of openness, direct confrontation nd / or challenging the process were in direct opposition to many of eastern cultures values and behaviours. In sense khaliq points out that many ethnic and cultural parameters may also have a significant effect on how individuals are motivated, committed and become productive in organizations. Motivation is closely related to leading nurturing a willingness to achieve the above mentioned vision and mission of the organization. Leaders can motivate their employees by creating an environment wh ere work is seen as enriching and fulfilling, thus encouraging employees to contribute ideas and effort in order to enhance productivity. Khaliq, 2000, p. 2. ) 5. 2 Job specific elements and impact The leadership / management factors and the kind of positive or negative effect it had on performance and organizational productivity. The section that follows will review the significance and impact of the job itself and the type of day to day tasks performed by the individuals on their performance, motivation and energy level and overall organizational productivity. The nature of the job, the daily tasks performed by an employee and the manner in which tasks assigned to the individual can also influence performance. , motivational level and organizational productivity Some jobs have lot of beginnings and endings during the day with the opportunity for employees to win or lose. ( positive or negative consequences ). But unfortunately the prevailing situation is that most jobs are just doing this hour what you did the last hour without any immediate consequence for performance . And few workers are running around complimenting other workers for the good they are doing. That leaves the managers as the only source of positive consequence (positive reinforcement) to employees for performing well any day. ( Fournies , 2000, p. 78) . The degree of motivational potential of any specific job, then, dramatically influenced by how a person views the job he or she is given, including how assignments are organized, structured and managed. Even a high pressure situation, IT professionals report that work is exciting when they are having fun doing it. In some sense, then, highly motivating work assignments should be similar the kind of activities people might chose to do for fun on their own. (Kartz, 1998, p. 1) 5. 3 Environmental elements and impact The stability or volatility of the work environment ( e. g the degree of office conflicts , power place ) can have a negative influence on the individuals anxiety level, performance and their overall motivation to perform well at work. We used to think we could separate the soft stuff from the hard stuff – the soft staffs was our commitment to the work force. The hard stuff – what really mattered. Now we know you can’t get the staff out the door unless your employees are 100 percent committed and free of home life distraction. And the way get them there is simple. You do every thing you can to help them those life issues, so work and family can coexist successfully. ( Mechelen , 1998 , p. 6) . 5. 4 Personal / internal Elements and impact Personal factors or elements are internal and often silent motivational variables that can drive human behavior to act in certain way. For example a cultural or religious motivator (e. . Work being equal) may cause an employee to give it their all, deliver more quality work relative to their peers, and become creative. As second example an employee who is seeking promotion is more likely to work an and communicate better, establish better relationship and work harder compared to another co worker who was just recently promoted. Weiss (1936) points out that individual are driven on the basis of five categories of human needs that he refers to as Murray’s categories. These categories were named after Henry A. Murray). Murray (1938 )named five specific categories of needs self fulfillment (achievement and endurance) , social needs ( affiliation and love) , ego needs ( exhibitionism and independence), safety needs ( avoidance of harm) , and power needs ( control). These needs indicate that many individuals are often motivated by strong desires and factors. Thus we trying to enhance or raise individual performance, manager’s needs to be sensitive to these human needs and understand that individuals are typically goal oriented and strive to concurrently satisfy many internal needs. There fore managers needs to search for internal drivers and try to ensure that they provide appropriate motivators and inceptives that will address these needs. (Murray , 1938) 5. 5 Emotional intelligence elements and impact An individual emotional intelligence can contribute to how he or she performs at work, how the individuals relate to others and the overall productivity of the organization. ( Johnson & Indvik, 1999; mason , 1999;)A person with high emotional intelligence has the ability to understood and relate to people. In fact this skill is now considered to have greater impact on individual and group performance. That traditional measures of intelligence such as IQ. when emotional intelligence is present , there is a increased employee cooperation , increased motivation , increased productivity and increased profits . (Johnson & Indvik ,1999 , p. 1) . People wit well developed emotional skills are also more likely to be content and effective on their lives, mastering the habits of mind that foster their own productivity. People who cannot marshal some control over their emotional life fight inner battles that sabotage their ability for focused work and clear thought. (Goldman, 1994, p36) 6. Aims and Objectives of the research It is expected that this research will have a direct impact on the management community by defining methods of developing top performing employees . This work will address the significant issues of individual performance , organizational productivity , and the link between two. As a long term objective, this research will provides a number solid answer to age old problems of productivity and employee motivation, and establish a set of principles that will be applicable to most work groups in organizations. In the interim, this study intends to provide a report in the form of a process for improvement that can be applied in the field by management. Especially this study has some major benefits. First it will identify and document any common factors that have a positive impact on individual performance. Second, by identifying and documenting the common variables or factors that may exist among low performers in an organizations , it is expected that management can be assisted in identifying areas of deficiency and consequently develop employees to improve low performance, raise morale, and reduce the potential for burnout in their organizations. And also it is expected that the result of this research will be translated into a corporate training program that will enable a typical or average employee to raise his or her performance by adopting the best practices used by the top or star performers in the organization. Finally researcher expectation that the aforementioned concepts and findings will be applicable to the Subway. It is further expected that the findings of this research will be the subject of the future study. 7. Research Questions This study is to address a fundamental question: What are the common factors or best practices used by the top performing employees in organizations? Examples of these common factors were perceived employee- manager working relationships, Leadership or management, top individual motivators or de-motivators, environmental elements and any best known practices. For further clarification this fundamental question can be further broken down into a number of sub questions: Were the identified common factors between high performers the same factors that the low performers were deficient and lacking? From the perspective of individual motivational factors, what would be the management perspective compared to that of the employee perception? Finally are there any discrepancies or gaps between the manager and top performer perceptions or beliefs? 9. Research Design and Methodology Concepts of this research individual performance, organizational productivity and the connection between two. A major objective of this study to explore and discover the common factors that distinguish the top performers in an organization. These factors are: any key perceived employee manager working relationships, top three motivators or de- motivators, and any best practices. The identification of these factors is intended to generate one or more grounded theories to explain why only a small percentage of the employees in an organizations ( e. g. 5 % ) are considered to be more effective or productive performers. Relative to the peers in the same or similar work environment. The study is going to be on a qualitative research approach . It will use an iterative data gathering process, the use of inductive data analysis techniques, and a constant comparative and classification process of data to develop one or more grounded theories that could explain this phenomenon. The design of this research study is interpretive and systematic. It will attempt to uncover fundamental patterns and commonalities (e. g. employee manager working relationship) that exist in the research data. It will attempt to discover the common factors that characterize the top performers, both managers and employees, in organizations. As a systematic study it will compare and contrast the data. To achieve this data will be collected from the high, medium, low, performers. Using techniques: 1. through the use of an elaborate organizational survey. 2. A series of one to one interviews. 3. Personal observation. Each phase the data collection and analysis process will be built upon the learning obtained from the previous stages in an iterative process. To construct the organizational survey literature review and analysis process will undertaken. 4. Finally to generate the grounded theories, the results of the organizational survey, and analysis of the one to one and group interviews. At each stage data will be collected, compared, contrasted, classified and any commonalities that existed will documented. (Glaser & Strauss, 1999) 10. Sources and acquisition of data To begin with, organization Subway, Researcher has been working there since four years as a senior sales assistant. And have a good cooperation with the management and the employee who are willing to anticipate with the interviews. Primary data will be gathered by conducting one to one interviews with key managers or individuals. Before executing such research activities it is ensured that research will be carried out with the permission of the senior management to interview the respective senior members of such organization. More concerns will be shown to select the appropriate senior members for such interviews. Finally, secondary data the possible available reviews, books, articles, suggestions, journals, electronic based information such as internet will be taken in to account for obtaining relevant information for the research, however strong weight will be given to acquire data from reliable source to make sure research content solid track of information. 1. Data analysis The theory construction will be based upon the literature review process, the survey results and feedback received from one to one make to the organization survey. as pointed earlier the desired out come of this study will to develop one or more grounded theories that could explain the top performing ( or low performing ) employee in o rganizations. To achieve this- First, theories will be developed based on the data collected, analyzed and the common pattern identified. The data will take from the literature review process, a comprehensive organizational survey, one to one interviews and observation. And each phase findings will be classified into specific categories: management / leadership, job, environment of the job, individual motivators and emotional intelligence. Second all identifiable performance factors will categorized according to the five major factors identified during the literature review. A matrix consisting of number of variable performance factors and the frequency of each result will construct. Further a set of definitions for each term or variable used in the study will formulate. 12. Timetable ACTIVITIESWEEKS1234567891011121Initializing Appointments 2Literature review 3Follow Up Meetings & Obtaining Information 4Obtaining Historical information 5Critical analysis 6Deriving a Conclusion 7Developing a Draft 8Editing & preparing final Draft 9Final Report Ready 13. About Subway Fred DeLuca founded the SUBWAY ® chain in Connecticut, USA, in 1965. The company has since grown into a multi-billion pound business, with more than 25,000 outlets in over 80 countries. In a world full of â€Å"Super Size It† messages that prompt people to eat too much and eat high fat items, SUBWAY ® bucks the trend with a healthy message – 7 subs with under 6 grams of fat – as a major part of their advertising strategy. 14. Conclusion Optimizing individual performance, raising the bar of organizational productivity, and being able to accomplish organizational objectives. A growing body research indicates that a productive, efficient and healthy learning organization is a necessary and key ingredient for global competition . The present study will be explored, analyzed and documented how an organization could become more productive and competitive by enabling its employees to raise their overall level of work performance. The results of this effort will indented to assist employees to operate at a higher level of their capacity by enabling them to leverage many of the common factors or best practices used by the top performing employees in their organizations. These factors include: perceive good employee manager working relationship, top individual motivating, and any other best practices. This study attempted the best way managers and employees can partner to nature a work environment where they can grow, develop, and maximize their full potential. This study has benefits. It identifies and documents the most common factors that have positive or negative impact on employee performance and productivity. It attempts to capture the attributes and practices of high performing employees in an organization and perform this analysis on low and medium performers as well. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that organizational productivity, effectiveness and creativity flow from flow naturally from individual productivity, effectiveness and creativity. (Loehr , 2001) Reference Loehr , J . (2001 , January ) , The making of a corporate athlete , Harvard Business Review , 79 , Issue 1 , 120 , 9p , 1 . Glaser , B . & Strauss , A . (1999) , The discovery of grounded theory : Strategies for Qualitative research , Chicago ; Aldline . Madhok , A . & Phene , A . 2001) , The Co evolution Advantage : Strategic management theory and the electic paradigm , International Journal of the Economics of Business , 8 , No, 2, 243 – 256. Boyett , J . H . & Conn , H . P . (1995) , Maximum performance management : how to manage and compensate people to meet world competition, Glenbridge Publishing : Lakewood , Colorado. Checkland , P . (1999) , Systems thinking , systems practice . john Wiley & Sons , Ltd : New York , NY. Pratt , M . G & Foreman , P . O . (20 00) , Classifying managerial response to multiple organizational identities . The Academy of management Review . MississippiState. Khaliq , A . (2001) , Corporate leadership and workplace motivation in Malaysia. International Journal of Commerce & Management . 11 . 1, 82 (Fournies , 2000) . Fournies , F . F . (2000) , Coaching for improvement work performance , McGraw-Hill: New York , NY . Katz , R . ( 1998) , Motivation leads to innovation – IT professionals who are excited about their jobs will be more creative and productive , Information Week , September , 14 , 1998 , n. 700, 294 (1). Mechelen , R. V. 1998, spring) , Work/life programs as management programs , The public manager : The new bureaucrat , 27 , n 1 , 31 (4) . Murray , H . A , (1938) , Exploration in personality : A clinical an expremental study of fifty men of college age , oxford University Press : New York . Johnson , P . R . & Invik , J . (1999) , Organizational benefits of having emotionally intelligent managers and employee , Journal of Workplace Learning , 1999 , 11 , issue 3 , 84 , 5p Goldman , D . (1994) , Emotional Intelligence : Why it can matter more than IQ , Bantam Books : New York , NY . www. subway. com

The Powers of a Mob - 593 Words

â€Å"All persons ought to endeavor to follow what is right and not what is established† said Aristotle. In Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery† she explores this power idea of the mob mentality and how it creates pointless violence. The story takes place in a small ordinary village, but every year everyone in the town gathers to have the lottery. The lottery is a ritualistic murder of an innocent person in the town, even the women and children must take part. After the lottery is over the town goes back to normal, as if the lottery never happened. Jackson uses the mob mentality to show the readers the pointless violence in our lives. All throughout the story, the villagers fall captive to the effects of the mob mentally. Patrick Shields in his article Arbitrary Condemnation And Sanctioned Violence in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery† states â€Å"The crowd of townsfolk in Jackson’s story appears to be under a hypnotic spell of sorts.† (Shields 414) The town’s people just showing up to the lottery shows they agree to participate, and have succumb to the mob already. They are following tradition and are scared to break it. When Mr. Adams says that over in the north village theyre talking of giving up the lottery,(Jackson) Old Man Warner the oldest person in town says back Pack of crazy fools, he said. Listening to the young folks, nothings good enough for them. 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The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz

One of the greatest tragedies in the 20th century can be seen in the debasing of the Jazz genre as a unworthy equal to its predecessor, European Classical music. This can be seen in various statements about Jazz, such as Boris Gibalin commit, The Jazz Mania has taken on the character of a lingering illness and must be cured by means of forceful intervention.1 This conflict can be traced through out the history of Jazz, as Classical composers have relatively disregarded this new type of music. Before Duke Ellingtons Cotton Club performances, Jazz play on the radio was delegated for late night audience only. This sub-culture treatment has led many critics to disregard the Jazz movement as a dance craze, or unsuccessful recreations†¦show more content†¦To most people the infusion of African tonality into Duke Ellingtons music to create Negro art, questions the connection between European music and Jazz. Here Constant Lambert responds to this. If anyone doubts the essential element of European sophistication in Jazz, it is a simple matter for his to compare a typical piece of Jazz, such as Duke Ellington Swampy River, first with a lyric by Grieg and then with a record of African music. It must be clear to even the most prejudiced listener that apart from a few rhythmical peculiarities the Ellington piece has far more in common with the music of Grieg6 One must understand that even when Duke infused the two tonalities of music; he still was obligated to work within guidelines of the European Harmonic tradition.7 Yet by him keeping with this tradition he is not obligated to write music in the form of previous composers such as Stravinsky, Mozart, or Bach, for to do that would delegate Ellingtons music as a duplicate work. Here is the contradiction, for no Classical composer has ever been chastise for creativity in their sound, and yet how do you explain the criticism of Ellingtons work? The intentional fusing of African and European tonality is nothing more than a continuation of numerous inventive techniques used by musicians as seen in the changing sounds and techniques of Classical music over time? Thus to criticize Duke for his originality one would also haveShow MoreRelated The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz2414 Words   |  10 Pagesdebasing of the Jazz genre as a unworthy equal to it’s pr edecessor, European Classical music. This can be seen in various statements about Jazz, such as Boris Gibalin commit, â€Å"The â€Å"Jazz Mania† has taken on the character of a lingering illness and must be cured by means of forceful intervention.†1 This conflict can be traced through out the history of Jazz, as Classical composers have relatively disregarded this new type of music. Before Duke Ellington’s Cotton Club performances, Jazz play on the radioRead MoreEssay on Charles Mingus in the 1950s3762 Words   |  16 PagesMingus in the 1950s Charles Mingus is one of the most original and influential jazz composers of the twentieth century. He created the second-largest volume of jazz work after Duke Ellington (McDonough 20), and is the first African-American composer to have his work acquired by the Library of Congress (Harrington B1). Mingus is known for his unusual style of composing and playing, which attempted to reconcile jazz improvisation with orchestration, in order for the final composition to conform most

The Philosophies Are Confucianism, Mohism And Legalism

Religion and philosophy have been argued upon throughout history. Philosophers and religious leaders have opposing views about how society should behave and be controlled. Just as there are many different religions, there are also many different philosophies each with their own idea about how society should behave and governments should rule. Each philosophy also has a different opinion of human nature. Chinese philosophy began in the fifth century BC with Confucius and changed and evolved as other philosophers built off Confucian ideas and challenged Confucian ideas. Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi are three different philosophers from Chinese history who have three opposing views in their philosophical ideas of society and human nature. These three philosophies are Confucianism, Mohism and Legalism. Ancient Chinese philosophers built their views of human nature off of the idea that people are either naturally good, or naturally bad. How each philosopher views natural human nature is what they use to decide what they think is the best way to manage and change how people morally live their lives. Confucius and Mencius although having two different ideas about how to manage people, both believed in the good side of human nature. Xunzi and looked into the darker sides of human nature, which gave them different opinions on how to rule the people because he was sure that people are unruly by nature. For the purpose of running a government, Mohism is the philosophy with the mostShow MoreRelatedPhilosophies of China and India Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesChina. It was created during the Zhou dynasty and is based on the ideology of Confucianism. It delivers the message that a ruler must follow the will of Tjan (god). If a ruler does not follow his will, the leader will be overthrown a nd a worthy ruler will be put in place. In addition to the Mandate of Heaven, multiple different schools of thought were created such as Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, and Mohism. Confucianism is based on relationships. It emphasizes proper moral, social, political, andRead MoreLegalism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Ancient China1049 Words   |  4 PagesLegalism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Ancient China Philosophies dictate the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of individuals or groups, even entire civilizations. Since the beginning of time there has been great debate among men over which philosophies to live life by. The list of philosophies that exist in the world today is nearly endless, making it difficult to decide which one is the most suitable to live by. Ancient China was arguably among one of the most philosophical culturesRead MoreThe Basic Principles Of Ancient Chinese Philosophy2093 Words   |  9 Pagesculture and history, Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism seem to blend together. In the Shang Dynasty around 2000 BC, the people of China were polytheistic, worshipping many gods at a time. People of this time worshipped their own ancestors as gods, as they believed they became like gods after dying. The basic principles of ancient Chinese philosophy consisted of five features: spiritual existence, morality, harmony, intuition, and practice. The philosophies bef ore the Qin era were marked by variousRead More Chinese Religion Essay2855 Words   |  12 PagesTaoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are all blended. In the earliest period, Shang Dynasty (2000 BC), people in China had worshipped a lot of different gods (polytheism) such as weather god, river god. People in the Shang Dynasty believed that their ancestors become like gods after they died, so people worshipped their own ancestors. The basic features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy consist of five stresses, spiritual existence, practice, morality, harmony, and intuition. The philosophy in Pre-Qin timesRead MoreGeneral Essay on Chinese Religions2709 Words   |  11 Pagesworship of ancestors has persisted in Chinese life, and has come to form the basis of what has broadly been termed popular religion. Popular religion in fact represents a mixture of early religion and elements of the three great religions: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. At the heart of popular religion is the worshi p of deities and veneration of ancestors at shrines in the home or temples. There are many deities associated with this form of religion, but the best known are Shang Ti, the supreme rulerRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how

Indigenous Culture and Health of Indigenous People†Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Indigenous Culture and Health of Indigenous People. Answer: Introduction The health disparities and health inequalities among the Indigenous and non-indigenous population of Australia are highly prevalent. Indigenous people are considered to belong to one of the oldest community of the world. The health of Australian indigenous population is considered to be worse than that of non-indigenous population (Shepherd, Li, Zubrick, 2012). This group is also considered as the most disadvantaged people, who have to face many social determinants that impact their health and well-being. The life expectancy of indigenous people is also lower than remaining population of the country. There is a very large health gap among the indigenous and non-indigenous population in terms of non-communicable diseases. European colonization had significant impact on the culture and identity of the Aboriginal population. The factors influencing the health of aboriginal population are poorly understood. One of the most important factors affecting their health is culture. Culture has great significance in influencing the behavior, attitude and lifestyle of people (Napier et al, 2014). Health behavior and choices are also often derived from cultural values. Indigenous population also has great influence of their culture, which impacts their health and well-being. This paper will focus on discussing and identifying the various cultural influences that affect the health of indigenous population in Australia. Paper will also discuss the various social issues influencing health of this population and various national and state level policies that are being used to address health issues in indigenous population. History of Indigenous Population in Australia During the period of colonization, Indigenous population of Australia suffered a lot. Racism was pervasive and this population was forced to leave their fertile lands and displaced to lands with scarcity of food and water resources (Holland, 2014). They had a hunter gather lifestyle, which was completely stopped and indigenous people were restricted to socialize and practicing traditional ceremonies. Children were forcefully removed from their families and people were not allowed to speak their traditional languages. The discrimination with indigenous population continued till long period of time and this affected their mental and physical well-being (Waterworth et al, 2015). The long term impact of discrimination and racism resulted in psychological and physical health problems, which is also trans-generational. Since, the lifestyle of these people was changed, their life became sedentary and consequences of colonization resulted in poverty and diseases. This population also has to suffer from greater burden of emotional distress and lower levels of access to health care (Askew, Schluter Spurling, 2013). Colonization also brought many unknown disease to Australia and health of this population significantly deteriorated over time. These people also had to face the physical and sexual abuse and spent the life of domestic workers. Social conditions had significant impact on health of people (Shepherd, Li Zubrick, 2012). Some of the major health issues found in indigenous population are obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary diseases. These diseases are strongly associated with social factors and lifestyle of indigenous population (Markwick et al, 2014). Culture and Health of Indigenous Population Culture can be considered as the set of subjective values, can have significant influence over health and health behavior of people (Napier et al, 2014). Lifestyle, beliefs and values of human beings are shaped through their cultural values. Health can be significantly influenced by cultural beliefs and attitudes of people. Strong cultural identity of people can be considered as the fundamental factors of Indigenous social and physical well-being. Assimilating indigenous culture in providing health care can be a vital tool in closing the gap among indigenous and non-indigenous population (MacRae, 2013). Cultural values are the source of strength, resilience and prides for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. For improving the lives and health of Aboriginal or Indigenous people, it is important to focus on various cultural aspects of the group. The high prevalence of physical and mental illness in the indigenous population has been reported (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet, 2016). Women are more likely to face psychological stress in comparison to men. According to indigenous culture, their idea of sickness or illness refers to absence of physical and mental well-being that could be the positive gradient for this population (Shepherd, Li Zubrick, 2012). The most essential components of health and well-being for the indigenous people are connections, family and relations. The indigenous notion of healing is collectively formed through these elements. This notion of health and well-being in indigenous population is different from the remaining non-indigenous population of Australia and significant gap is found in their mental and physical health (Askew, Schluter Spurling, 2013). The cultural practices also play a significant role in well-being and health of these people, as the process of healing includes gatherings and offerings, as well as shared undertaking (Parker, 2013). The healing processes are carried out through cultural traditions and healers and affected person both are engaged together. Environment and natural elements also play important role in culture of Indigenous population. They believe that toxicity should be collectively cleansed from environment as well as body. Indigenous population had always been connected to their land, natural resources, their families and their community. The idea of health is mainly community centered for these people. Own well-being is more specifically the well-being of own community (Waterworth et al, 2015). Therefore, cultural knowledge embedded in the healthcare system can improve quality of community centered care (Durey et al, 2013). The devastating impact of the European colonization was that these people were separated from their lands and natural environment, which was the key element of indigeneity. Promoting cultural competency aims to increase the health care access for the people with diverse cultural background (Thackrah Ill health of the Australian Indigenous population is also due to the interrupted culture (National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023, 2013). The impact of interrupted culture is very high and evident on the lives and health of Aboriginal people. Interruption of the culture has not been significantly acknowledged while providing care to indigenous population, as it significantly gave rise to racism and discrimination (Durey Thompson, 2012). The destruction and interruption of their culture resulted in continuous stress, grief, loss despair, and also disruption in the traditional gender roles. Tradition Indigenous culture was based on Kinship, values, pride, but due to historical impact of colonialism, all these factors. Due to the changes in the lifestyle, the gender roles also changed and resulted in the cultural complexities and structural determinants of inequality (Thackrah Thompson, 2013). Men had to leave their hunter gathered lifestyle and women wer e forced to work to take care of their families. Social and Cultural Determinants of Health Health of Indigenous Australian is significantly influenced by the social determinants. The common social determinants include stress, cultural destruction, poverty, unemployment, social support and networks, education, living conditions and attitudes (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet, 2016). The common risk factors associated with the health of indigenous population is poverty. Poverty resulted in unhealthy living condition, lack of education, unemployment and lack of healthy food (Markwick et al, 2014). The cultural determinants include cultural values, traditions, beliefs, customs and attitudes. Cultural differences have separated this community from the remaining population. Lack of nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical exercise, increasing body weight, high intake of high energy food, and use of alcohol and tobacco are some of the significant issues that resulted in CVD, type2 diabetes, musculoskeletal problems, some specific cancers and obesity (Australian Indige nous Health InfoNet, 2013). Environmental contamination, prevalence of infections, inadequate health care, inability to access health care over crowded households, poor hygiene, malnutrition and poor facility for disease prevention services are some of the other significant determinants of health in indigenous population (Gracey King, 2009). Indigenous Culture and Health Care Providing culturally competent care to the indigenous population is significant to bring positive results in the health outcomes of these people (Bainbridge et al, 2014). For providing and development of different health policies and programs for indigenous population, culture should be accepted as an important factor to be included. This is because their cultural values are very significant for their better health. Some of the indigenous groups are moving from traditional lifestyle to modern lifestyle, which is increasing the problem of obesity and increasing prevalence of social, physical and mental disorders. Mental disorders and disparities are high in children and youth (Askew, Schluter Spurling, 2013). Health of indigenous Australians is also affected by many social issues. Poverty, employment and inability to access better services increasing the burden of psychological disorders. Low income and adverse life events are also increasing the use of alcohol and tobacco. Social disadvantages are also increasing behavior problem on children and youth from indigenous communities (Fragar et al, 2010). Cultural continuity is considered as the correct approach for the social and cultural cohesion with indigenous community. Cultural healing programs can be well accepted by the indigenous people, due to their strong belief in their traditions and cultural practice. Such programs are also found to be effective in helping people to have control over their social and emotional well-being (Osborne, Baum, Brown, 2013). Cultural programs are also effective in bringing together the groups, families and communities for receiving health care, which was unlikely to occur with other forms of care. Culturally appropriate models have also been successful in addressing the issues of mental illness in indigenous youth. Programs that include indigenous culture, such as Hip Hop programs are helpful in increasing confidence and self esteem in youth (Osborne, Baum, Brown, 2013). Close the gap campaign had been very important for addressing the health issues in indigenous communities of Australia. Racism and discrimination has the long history towards indigenous population (Osborne, Baum, Brown, 2013). Therefore, culturally respectful and non discriminatory approach is important to build respectful relationships with the community (National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023, 2013). Cultural and language competency among the health care services and health care professionals is important to improve the health of this community. Systematic racism is targeted through National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023 (2013), so as to decrease profound impact of colonization, forced removal and past discriminatory policies. Discrimination and racism are closely linked to health risk behavior, such as alcohol, smoking and substance abuse as well as occurrence of mental illness (Thackrah Thompson, 2013). Such issues are addressed through policies like closing the gap, where the community strength and capabilities are used to improve health of people (Holland, 2014). Cultural awareness training is not enough to provide quality services to this population, but developing cultural competency is important (Bainbridge et al, 2014). Cultural competency is the most specific strategy for reducing the health inequalities and increasing the effectiveness of the care received and culture security is also important for children suffering with mental disorders (Askew, Schluter, Spurling, 2013). This element will also increase the ability and capacity of the health care system in Australia. Cultural competence is the way of displaying respect towards aboriginal culture, which also ensures that the cultural diversity, values, beliefs, rights, and expectations of indigenous population are valued and respected through the delivery of culturally appropriate care (Markwick et al, 2014). Aboriginal community controlled health services were also set up in Australia to address the issue of discrimination and racism in health care system and social and cultural barriers in health care access (Thomas, Bainbridge Tsey, 2014). These services are working towards meeting the needs of Australian indigenous population. Primary health care system is also working towards providing culturally sensitive and holistic care to this population. Cultural competence and culturally sensitive care is important to improve health outcomes and to remove cultural discrimination in health care system (Bainbridge et al, 2014). Conclusion Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, also called as Indigenous people, have faced many issues related to racism and discrimination. European colonialism in Australia changed the physical, mental and social condition of these people and segregated them from the non-indigenous population of the country. Prevalence of many chronic diseases in this population are the result of cultural and social discrimination. For addressing the health issues in Indigenous population, it is important to accumulate culture and traditional values of this group in health care programs and policies. Social determinants of health and increasing the access to health care can be significantly addressed through developing cultural competence in health care system. With the help of current literature, paper discussed importance of cultural competence and safety to manage the ill health of indigenous population in Australia. It can be concluded that strong cultural bonds can bring many benefits and impr ovement in health of this population. References Askew, D. A., Schluter, P. J., Spurling, G. K. P. (2013). Beyond cultural security; towards sanctuary. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/1/beyond-cultural-security-towards-sanctuary Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet.(2016).Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderhealth. Retrieved from: https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/summary#sewb Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet.(2013).Overview of the health of Indigenous people in Western Australia.Retrieved from:https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/states-territories-home/wa/reviews/our-review Bainbridge, R., McCalman, J., Clifford, A., Tsey, K. (2014). Cultural competency in the delivery of health services for Indigenous people.Pat. Retrieved from: https://apo.org.au/node/56408 Durey, A., Thompson, S. C. (2012). Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: time to change focus.BMC health services research,12(1), 151. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431273/ Durey, A., Thompson, S. C., Wood, M., Arabena, K. (2013). Future initiatives to improve the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.The Medical Journal of Australia,199(1), 22-22. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/1/future-initiatives-improve-health-and-wellbeing-aboriginal-and-torres-strait Holland, C. (2014). Close the Gap: progress and priorities report 2014. Retrieved from: https://apo.org.au/node/38110 MacRae, A. (2013). Overview of Australian Indigenous health status 2012. Retrieved from: https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/b6c6a558bb3384e670797acd63e9ed0f Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L., McNeil, J. (2014). Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria. International journal for equity in health,13(1), 91. Retrieved from: https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-014-0091-5 Napier, A. D., Ancarno, C., Butler, B., Calabrese, J., Chater, A., Chatterjee, H., ... Macdonald, (2014). Culture and health.The Lancet,384(9954), 1607-1639. Retrieved from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)61603-2/fulltext?rss=yesutm_source=feedblitzutm_medium=FeedBlitzEmailutm_content=196607utm_campaign=Express_2014-10-31_20:00 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023. (2013). Retrieved from: www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/.../$File/health-plan.pdf Osborne, K., Baum, F., Brown, L. (2013).What Works?: A Review of Actions Addressing the Social and Economic Determinants of Indigenous Health. Closing the Gap Clearinghouse. Retrieved from: https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/bibliography/?lid=26675 Parker, R. M. (2013). Traditional healers help close the gap. The Medical Journal of Australia. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/1/traditional-healers-help-close-gap Shepherd, C. C., Li, J., Zubrick, S. R. (2012). Social gradients in the health of Indigenous Australians.American journal of public health,102(1), 107-117. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3490556/ Thackrah, R. D., Thompson, S. C. (2013). Refining the concept of cultural competence: building on decades of progress.Med J Aust,199(1), 35-8. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/1/refining-concept-cultural-competence-building-decades-progress Thomas, D. P., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2014). Changing discourses in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research, 19142014.Med J Aust,201(1 Supplement), S15-S8. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/publication-year/2014?page=35 Waterworth, P., Pescud, M., Braham, R., Dimmock, J., Rosenberg, M. (2015). Factors influencing the health behaviour of indigenous Australians: Perspectives from support people.PloS one,10(11), e0142323. Retrieved from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0142323 History of Indigenous Population in Australia

Anatomy and Physiology free essay sample

The vagina is a  thin-walled tube 8 to  10 cm  long. It lies between the bladder and rectumand extends from the cervix to the body exterior. Often called the birth canal, the vagina providesa passageway for the delivery of an  infant and for the menstrual flow to leave  the body. The cervix (from Latin neck) is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joinswith the top end of the vagina. Approximately half its length is visible with appropriate medical equipment; the remainder liesabove the vagina beyond view. It is occasionally called cervix uteri, or neck of the uterus. During menstruation, the cervix stretches open slightly to allow the endometrium to beshed. This stretching is believed to be part of the cramping pain that many women experience. Evidence for this is given by the fact that some womens cramps subside or disappear after their  first vaginal birth because the cervical opening has widened. We will write a custom essay sample on Anatomy and Physiology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The portion projecting into the vagina is referred to as the portio vaginalis or ectocervix. On average, the ectocervix is three cm long and two and a half cm wide. It has a convex,elliptical surface and is divided into anterior and posterior lips. The ectocervixs opening is calledthe external os. The size and shape of the external os and the ectocervix varies widely with age,hormonal state, and whether the woman has had a vaginal birth. In women who have not had avaginal birth the external os appears as a small, circular opening. During childbirth, contractions of the uterus will dilate the cervix up to 10 cm in diameter  to allow the child to pass through. During orgasm, the cervix convulses and the external osdilates. The uterus is shaped like an upside-down pear, with a thick lining and muscular walls. Located near the floor of the pelvic cavity, it is hollow to allow a blastocyte, or fertilized egg, toimplant and grow. It also allows for the inner lining of the uterus to build up until a fertilized eggis implanted, or it is sloughed off during menses. The uterus contains some of the strongest muscles in the female body. These muscles areable to expand and contract to accommodate a growing fetus and then help push the baby outduring labor. These muscles also contract rhythmically during an orgasm in a wave like action. It20 is thought that this is to help  push or guide the sperm up  the uterus to the fallopian tubes wherefertilization may be possible. The uterus is only about three inches long and two inches wide, but during pregnancy itchanges rapidly and dramatically. The top rim of the uterus is called the fundus and is alandmark for many doctors to track the progress of a pregnancy. It is only after all alternative options have been considered that surgery isrecommended in these cases. This surgery is called hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is the removalof the uterus, and may include the removal of one or both of the ovaries. Once performed it isirreversible. After a hysterectomy, many women begin a form of alternate hormone therapy dueto the lack of ovaries and hormone production. The Fallopian tubes are paired, tubular, seromuscular organs whose course runs mediallyfrom the cornua of the uterus toward the ovary laterally. The tubes are situated in the upper  margins of the broad.