The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz

One of the greatest tragedies in the 20th century can be seen in the debasing of the Jazz genre as a unworthy equal to its predecessor, European Classical music. This can be seen in various statements about Jazz, such as Boris Gibalin commit, The Jazz Mania has taken on the character of a lingering illness and must be cured by means of forceful intervention.1 This conflict can be traced through out the history of Jazz, as Classical composers have relatively disregarded this new type of music. Before Duke Ellingtons Cotton Club performances, Jazz play on the radio was delegated for late night audience only. This sub-culture treatment has led many critics to disregard the Jazz movement as a dance craze, or unsuccessful recreations†¦show more content†¦To most people the infusion of African tonality into Duke Ellingtons music to create Negro art, questions the connection between European music and Jazz. Here Constant Lambert responds to this. If anyone doubts the essential element of European sophistication in Jazz, it is a simple matter for his to compare a typical piece of Jazz, such as Duke Ellington Swampy River, first with a lyric by Grieg and then with a record of African music. It must be clear to even the most prejudiced listener that apart from a few rhythmical peculiarities the Ellington piece has far more in common with the music of Grieg6 One must understand that even when Duke infused the two tonalities of music; he still was obligated to work within guidelines of the European Harmonic tradition.7 Yet by him keeping with this tradition he is not obligated to write music in the form of previous composers such as Stravinsky, Mozart, or Bach, for to do that would delegate Ellingtons music as a duplicate work. Here is the contradiction, for no Classical composer has ever been chastise for creativity in their sound, and yet how do you explain the criticism of Ellingtons work? The intentional fusing of African and European tonality is nothing more than a continuation of numerous inventive techniques used by musicians as seen in the changing sounds and techniques of Classical music over time? Thus to criticize Duke for his originality one would also haveShow MoreRelated The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellingtons Jazz2414 Words   |  10 Pagesdebasing of the Jazz genre as a unworthy equal to it’s pr edecessor, European Classical music. This can be seen in various statements about Jazz, such as Boris Gibalin commit, â€Å"The â€Å"Jazz Mania† has taken on the character of a lingering illness and must be cured by means of forceful intervention.†1 This conflict can be traced through out the history of Jazz, as Classical composers have relatively disregarded this new type of music. Before Duke Ellington’s Cotton Club performances, Jazz play on the radioRead MoreEssay on Charles Mingus in the 1950s3762 Words   |  16 PagesMingus in the 1950s Charles Mingus is one of the most original and influential jazz composers of the twentieth century. He created the second-largest volume of jazz work after Duke Ellington (McDonough 20), and is the first African-American composer to have his work acquired by the Library of Congress (Harrington B1). Mingus is known for his unusual style of composing and playing, which attempted to reconcile jazz improvisation with orchestration, in order for the final composition to conform most

The Philosophies Are Confucianism, Mohism And Legalism

Religion and philosophy have been argued upon throughout history. Philosophers and religious leaders have opposing views about how society should behave and be controlled. Just as there are many different religions, there are also many different philosophies each with their own idea about how society should behave and governments should rule. Each philosophy also has a different opinion of human nature. Chinese philosophy began in the fifth century BC with Confucius and changed and evolved as other philosophers built off Confucian ideas and challenged Confucian ideas. Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi are three different philosophers from Chinese history who have three opposing views in their philosophical ideas of society and human nature. These three philosophies are Confucianism, Mohism and Legalism. Ancient Chinese philosophers built their views of human nature off of the idea that people are either naturally good, or naturally bad. How each philosopher views natural human nature is what they use to decide what they think is the best way to manage and change how people morally live their lives. Confucius and Mencius although having two different ideas about how to manage people, both believed in the good side of human nature. Xunzi and looked into the darker sides of human nature, which gave them different opinions on how to rule the people because he was sure that people are unruly by nature. For the purpose of running a government, Mohism is the philosophy with the mostShow MoreRelatedPhilosophies of China and India Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesChina. It was created during the Zhou dynasty and is based on the ideology of Confucianism. It delivers the message that a ruler must follow the will of Tjan (god). If a ruler does not follow his will, the leader will be overthrown a nd a worthy ruler will be put in place. In addition to the Mandate of Heaven, multiple different schools of thought were created such as Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, and Mohism. Confucianism is based on relationships. It emphasizes proper moral, social, political, andRead MoreLegalism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Ancient China1049 Words   |  4 PagesLegalism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Ancient China Philosophies dictate the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of individuals or groups, even entire civilizations. Since the beginning of time there has been great debate among men over which philosophies to live life by. The list of philosophies that exist in the world today is nearly endless, making it difficult to decide which one is the most suitable to live by. Ancient China was arguably among one of the most philosophical culturesRead MoreThe Basic Principles Of Ancient Chinese Philosophy2093 Words   |  9 Pagesculture and history, Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism seem to blend together. In the Shang Dynasty around 2000 BC, the people of China were polytheistic, worshipping many gods at a time. People of this time worshipped their own ancestors as gods, as they believed they became like gods after dying. The basic principles of ancient Chinese philosophy consisted of five features: spiritual existence, morality, harmony, intuition, and practice. The philosophies bef ore the Qin era were marked by variousRead More Chinese Religion Essay2855 Words   |  12 PagesTaoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are all blended. In the earliest period, Shang Dynasty (2000 BC), people in China had worshipped a lot of different gods (polytheism) such as weather god, river god. People in the Shang Dynasty believed that their ancestors become like gods after they died, so people worshipped their own ancestors. The basic features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy consist of five stresses, spiritual existence, practice, morality, harmony, and intuition. The philosophy in Pre-Qin timesRead MoreGeneral Essay on Chinese Religions2709 Words   |  11 Pagesworship of ancestors has persisted in Chinese life, and has come to form the basis of what has broadly been termed popular religion. Popular religion in fact represents a mixture of early religion and elements of the three great religions: Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. At the heart of popular religion is the worshi p of deities and veneration of ancestors at shrines in the home or temples. There are many deities associated with this form of religion, but the best known are Shang Ti, the supreme rulerRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how

Indigenous Culture and Health of Indigenous People†Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Indigenous Culture and Health of Indigenous People. Answer: Introduction The health disparities and health inequalities among the Indigenous and non-indigenous population of Australia are highly prevalent. Indigenous people are considered to belong to one of the oldest community of the world. The health of Australian indigenous population is considered to be worse than that of non-indigenous population (Shepherd, Li, Zubrick, 2012). This group is also considered as the most disadvantaged people, who have to face many social determinants that impact their health and well-being. The life expectancy of indigenous people is also lower than remaining population of the country. There is a very large health gap among the indigenous and non-indigenous population in terms of non-communicable diseases. European colonization had significant impact on the culture and identity of the Aboriginal population. The factors influencing the health of aboriginal population are poorly understood. One of the most important factors affecting their health is culture. Culture has great significance in influencing the behavior, attitude and lifestyle of people (Napier et al, 2014). Health behavior and choices are also often derived from cultural values. Indigenous population also has great influence of their culture, which impacts their health and well-being. This paper will focus on discussing and identifying the various cultural influences that affect the health of indigenous population in Australia. Paper will also discuss the various social issues influencing health of this population and various national and state level policies that are being used to address health issues in indigenous population. History of Indigenous Population in Australia During the period of colonization, Indigenous population of Australia suffered a lot. Racism was pervasive and this population was forced to leave their fertile lands and displaced to lands with scarcity of food and water resources (Holland, 2014). They had a hunter gather lifestyle, which was completely stopped and indigenous people were restricted to socialize and practicing traditional ceremonies. Children were forcefully removed from their families and people were not allowed to speak their traditional languages. The discrimination with indigenous population continued till long period of time and this affected their mental and physical well-being (Waterworth et al, 2015). The long term impact of discrimination and racism resulted in psychological and physical health problems, which is also trans-generational. Since, the lifestyle of these people was changed, their life became sedentary and consequences of colonization resulted in poverty and diseases. This population also has to suffer from greater burden of emotional distress and lower levels of access to health care (Askew, Schluter Spurling, 2013). Colonization also brought many unknown disease to Australia and health of this population significantly deteriorated over time. These people also had to face the physical and sexual abuse and spent the life of domestic workers. Social conditions had significant impact on health of people (Shepherd, Li Zubrick, 2012). Some of the major health issues found in indigenous population are obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary diseases. These diseases are strongly associated with social factors and lifestyle of indigenous population (Markwick et al, 2014). Culture and Health of Indigenous Population Culture can be considered as the set of subjective values, can have significant influence over health and health behavior of people (Napier et al, 2014). Lifestyle, beliefs and values of human beings are shaped through their cultural values. Health can be significantly influenced by cultural beliefs and attitudes of people. Strong cultural identity of people can be considered as the fundamental factors of Indigenous social and physical well-being. Assimilating indigenous culture in providing health care can be a vital tool in closing the gap among indigenous and non-indigenous population (MacRae, 2013). Cultural values are the source of strength, resilience and prides for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. For improving the lives and health of Aboriginal or Indigenous people, it is important to focus on various cultural aspects of the group. The high prevalence of physical and mental illness in the indigenous population has been reported (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet, 2016). Women are more likely to face psychological stress in comparison to men. According to indigenous culture, their idea of sickness or illness refers to absence of physical and mental well-being that could be the positive gradient for this population (Shepherd, Li Zubrick, 2012). The most essential components of health and well-being for the indigenous people are connections, family and relations. The indigenous notion of healing is collectively formed through these elements. This notion of health and well-being in indigenous population is different from the remaining non-indigenous population of Australia and significant gap is found in their mental and physical health (Askew, Schluter Spurling, 2013). The cultural practices also play a significant role in well-being and health of these people, as the process of healing includes gatherings and offerings, as well as shared undertaking (Parker, 2013). The healing processes are carried out through cultural traditions and healers and affected person both are engaged together. Environment and natural elements also play important role in culture of Indigenous population. They believe that toxicity should be collectively cleansed from environment as well as body. Indigenous population had always been connected to their land, natural resources, their families and their community. The idea of health is mainly community centered for these people. Own well-being is more specifically the well-being of own community (Waterworth et al, 2015). Therefore, cultural knowledge embedded in the healthcare system can improve quality of community centered care (Durey et al, 2013). The devastating impact of the European colonization was that these people were separated from their lands and natural environment, which was the key element of indigeneity. Promoting cultural competency aims to increase the health care access for the people with diverse cultural background (Thackrah Ill health of the Australian Indigenous population is also due to the interrupted culture (National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023, 2013). The impact of interrupted culture is very high and evident on the lives and health of Aboriginal people. Interruption of the culture has not been significantly acknowledged while providing care to indigenous population, as it significantly gave rise to racism and discrimination (Durey Thompson, 2012). The destruction and interruption of their culture resulted in continuous stress, grief, loss despair, and also disruption in the traditional gender roles. Tradition Indigenous culture was based on Kinship, values, pride, but due to historical impact of colonialism, all these factors. Due to the changes in the lifestyle, the gender roles also changed and resulted in the cultural complexities and structural determinants of inequality (Thackrah Thompson, 2013). Men had to leave their hunter gathered lifestyle and women wer e forced to work to take care of their families. Social and Cultural Determinants of Health Health of Indigenous Australian is significantly influenced by the social determinants. The common social determinants include stress, cultural destruction, poverty, unemployment, social support and networks, education, living conditions and attitudes (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet, 2016). The common risk factors associated with the health of indigenous population is poverty. Poverty resulted in unhealthy living condition, lack of education, unemployment and lack of healthy food (Markwick et al, 2014). The cultural determinants include cultural values, traditions, beliefs, customs and attitudes. Cultural differences have separated this community from the remaining population. Lack of nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical exercise, increasing body weight, high intake of high energy food, and use of alcohol and tobacco are some of the significant issues that resulted in CVD, type2 diabetes, musculoskeletal problems, some specific cancers and obesity (Australian Indige nous Health InfoNet, 2013). Environmental contamination, prevalence of infections, inadequate health care, inability to access health care over crowded households, poor hygiene, malnutrition and poor facility for disease prevention services are some of the other significant determinants of health in indigenous population (Gracey King, 2009). Indigenous Culture and Health Care Providing culturally competent care to the indigenous population is significant to bring positive results in the health outcomes of these people (Bainbridge et al, 2014). For providing and development of different health policies and programs for indigenous population, culture should be accepted as an important factor to be included. This is because their cultural values are very significant for their better health. Some of the indigenous groups are moving from traditional lifestyle to modern lifestyle, which is increasing the problem of obesity and increasing prevalence of social, physical and mental disorders. Mental disorders and disparities are high in children and youth (Askew, Schluter Spurling, 2013). Health of indigenous Australians is also affected by many social issues. Poverty, employment and inability to access better services increasing the burden of psychological disorders. Low income and adverse life events are also increasing the use of alcohol and tobacco. Social disadvantages are also increasing behavior problem on children and youth from indigenous communities (Fragar et al, 2010). Cultural continuity is considered as the correct approach for the social and cultural cohesion with indigenous community. Cultural healing programs can be well accepted by the indigenous people, due to their strong belief in their traditions and cultural practice. Such programs are also found to be effective in helping people to have control over their social and emotional well-being (Osborne, Baum, Brown, 2013). Cultural programs are also effective in bringing together the groups, families and communities for receiving health care, which was unlikely to occur with other forms of care. Culturally appropriate models have also been successful in addressing the issues of mental illness in indigenous youth. Programs that include indigenous culture, such as Hip Hop programs are helpful in increasing confidence and self esteem in youth (Osborne, Baum, Brown, 2013). Close the gap campaign had been very important for addressing the health issues in indigenous communities of Australia. Racism and discrimination has the long history towards indigenous population (Osborne, Baum, Brown, 2013). Therefore, culturally respectful and non discriminatory approach is important to build respectful relationships with the community (National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023, 2013). Cultural and language competency among the health care services and health care professionals is important to improve the health of this community. Systematic racism is targeted through National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023 (2013), so as to decrease profound impact of colonization, forced removal and past discriminatory policies. Discrimination and racism are closely linked to health risk behavior, such as alcohol, smoking and substance abuse as well as occurrence of mental illness (Thackrah Thompson, 2013). Such issues are addressed through policies like closing the gap, where the community strength and capabilities are used to improve health of people (Holland, 2014). Cultural awareness training is not enough to provide quality services to this population, but developing cultural competency is important (Bainbridge et al, 2014). Cultural competency is the most specific strategy for reducing the health inequalities and increasing the effectiveness of the care received and culture security is also important for children suffering with mental disorders (Askew, Schluter, Spurling, 2013). This element will also increase the ability and capacity of the health care system in Australia. Cultural competence is the way of displaying respect towards aboriginal culture, which also ensures that the cultural diversity, values, beliefs, rights, and expectations of indigenous population are valued and respected through the delivery of culturally appropriate care (Markwick et al, 2014). Aboriginal community controlled health services were also set up in Australia to address the issue of discrimination and racism in health care system and social and cultural barriers in health care access (Thomas, Bainbridge Tsey, 2014). These services are working towards meeting the needs of Australian indigenous population. Primary health care system is also working towards providing culturally sensitive and holistic care to this population. Cultural competence and culturally sensitive care is important to improve health outcomes and to remove cultural discrimination in health care system (Bainbridge et al, 2014). Conclusion Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, also called as Indigenous people, have faced many issues related to racism and discrimination. European colonialism in Australia changed the physical, mental and social condition of these people and segregated them from the non-indigenous population of the country. Prevalence of many chronic diseases in this population are the result of cultural and social discrimination. For addressing the health issues in Indigenous population, it is important to accumulate culture and traditional values of this group in health care programs and policies. Social determinants of health and increasing the access to health care can be significantly addressed through developing cultural competence in health care system. With the help of current literature, paper discussed importance of cultural competence and safety to manage the ill health of indigenous population in Australia. It can be concluded that strong cultural bonds can bring many benefits and impr ovement in health of this population. References Askew, D. A., Schluter, P. J., Spurling, G. K. P. (2013). Beyond cultural security; towards sanctuary. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/1/beyond-cultural-security-towards-sanctuary Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet.(2016).Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanderhealth. Retrieved from: https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/summary#sewb Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet.(2013).Overview of the health of Indigenous people in Western Australia.Retrieved from:https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/states-territories-home/wa/reviews/our-review Bainbridge, R., McCalman, J., Clifford, A., Tsey, K. (2014). Cultural competency in the delivery of health services for Indigenous people.Pat. Retrieved from: https://apo.org.au/node/56408 Durey, A., Thompson, S. C. (2012). Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: time to change focus.BMC health services research,12(1), 151. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431273/ Durey, A., Thompson, S. C., Wood, M., Arabena, K. (2013). Future initiatives to improve the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.The Medical Journal of Australia,199(1), 22-22. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/1/future-initiatives-improve-health-and-wellbeing-aboriginal-and-torres-strait Holland, C. (2014). Close the Gap: progress and priorities report 2014. Retrieved from: https://apo.org.au/node/38110 MacRae, A. (2013). Overview of Australian Indigenous health status 2012. Retrieved from: https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/b6c6a558bb3384e670797acd63e9ed0f Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L., McNeil, J. (2014). Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria. International journal for equity in health,13(1), 91. Retrieved from: https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-014-0091-5 Napier, A. D., Ancarno, C., Butler, B., Calabrese, J., Chater, A., Chatterjee, H., ... Macdonald, (2014). Culture and health.The Lancet,384(9954), 1607-1639. Retrieved from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)61603-2/fulltext?rss=yesutm_source=feedblitzutm_medium=FeedBlitzEmailutm_content=196607utm_campaign=Express_2014-10-31_20:00 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023. (2013). Retrieved from: www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/.../$File/health-plan.pdf Osborne, K., Baum, F., Brown, L. (2013).What Works?: A Review of Actions Addressing the Social and Economic Determinants of Indigenous Health. Closing the Gap Clearinghouse. Retrieved from: https://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/bibliography/?lid=26675 Parker, R. M. (2013). Traditional healers help close the gap. The Medical Journal of Australia. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/1/traditional-healers-help-close-gap Shepherd, C. C., Li, J., Zubrick, S. R. (2012). Social gradients in the health of Indigenous Australians.American journal of public health,102(1), 107-117. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3490556/ Thackrah, R. D., Thompson, S. C. (2013). Refining the concept of cultural competence: building on decades of progress.Med J Aust,199(1), 35-8. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/1/refining-concept-cultural-competence-building-decades-progress Thomas, D. P., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2014). Changing discourses in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research, 19142014.Med J Aust,201(1 Supplement), S15-S8. Retrieved from: https://www.mja.com.au/publication-year/2014?page=35 Waterworth, P., Pescud, M., Braham, R., Dimmock, J., Rosenberg, M. (2015). Factors influencing the health behaviour of indigenous Australians: Perspectives from support people.PloS one,10(11), e0142323. Retrieved from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0142323 History of Indigenous Population in Australia

Anatomy and Physiology free essay sample

The vagina is a  thin-walled tube 8 to  10 cm  long. It lies between the bladder and rectumand extends from the cervix to the body exterior. Often called the birth canal, the vagina providesa passageway for the delivery of an  infant and for the menstrual flow to leave  the body. The cervix (from Latin neck) is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joinswith the top end of the vagina. Approximately half its length is visible with appropriate medical equipment; the remainder liesabove the vagina beyond view. It is occasionally called cervix uteri, or neck of the uterus. During menstruation, the cervix stretches open slightly to allow the endometrium to beshed. This stretching is believed to be part of the cramping pain that many women experience. Evidence for this is given by the fact that some womens cramps subside or disappear after their  first vaginal birth because the cervical opening has widened. We will write a custom essay sample on Anatomy and Physiology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The portion projecting into the vagina is referred to as the portio vaginalis or ectocervix. On average, the ectocervix is three cm long and two and a half cm wide. It has a convex,elliptical surface and is divided into anterior and posterior lips. The ectocervixs opening is calledthe external os. The size and shape of the external os and the ectocervix varies widely with age,hormonal state, and whether the woman has had a vaginal birth. In women who have not had avaginal birth the external os appears as a small, circular opening. During childbirth, contractions of the uterus will dilate the cervix up to 10 cm in diameter  to allow the child to pass through. During orgasm, the cervix convulses and the external osdilates. The uterus is shaped like an upside-down pear, with a thick lining and muscular walls. Located near the floor of the pelvic cavity, it is hollow to allow a blastocyte, or fertilized egg, toimplant and grow. It also allows for the inner lining of the uterus to build up until a fertilized eggis implanted, or it is sloughed off during menses. The uterus contains some of the strongest muscles in the female body. These muscles areable to expand and contract to accommodate a growing fetus and then help push the baby outduring labor. These muscles also contract rhythmically during an orgasm in a wave like action. It20 is thought that this is to help  push or guide the sperm up  the uterus to the fallopian tubes wherefertilization may be possible. The uterus is only about three inches long and two inches wide, but during pregnancy itchanges rapidly and dramatically. The top rim of the uterus is called the fundus and is alandmark for many doctors to track the progress of a pregnancy. It is only after all alternative options have been considered that surgery isrecommended in these cases. This surgery is called hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is the removalof the uterus, and may include the removal of one or both of the ovaries. Once performed it isirreversible. After a hysterectomy, many women begin a form of alternate hormone therapy dueto the lack of ovaries and hormone production. The Fallopian tubes are paired, tubular, seromuscular organs whose course runs mediallyfrom the cornua of the uterus toward the ovary laterally. The tubes are situated in the upper  margins of the broad.

Explain the positive and negative factors of counter-urbanization free essay sample

Explain the positive and negative factors of counter-urbanization. (15 marks) Counter-urbanisation is the movement of people from urban areas into rural areas (leaving the city and moving to smaller towns and villages). It can involve either a movement of employment to rural areas, or a movement of people to rural areas who then commute, and this involves people like middle class families or young professionals. This tends to happen in areas that have good transport links such as St Ives Cambridge which lies on the A1123 just of the A14which links St Ives with Cambridge and provides access to the A1 which is a road straight into London and the regular trains make the access to the cities of Cambridge and London very easy. The effect of the people who commute can cause an increased use of commuter railway station near to settlement. High car ownership often comes with these new residents, and commuting to the city can cause an increase in congestion on country roads which weren’t built to cope with the loss of traffic. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain the positive and negative factors of counter-urbanization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Traffic pollution affects the quality of the area. Local residents dislike the ‘weekenders’ who do not contribute to the stability of the village, disappear during the day/week. They have different social norms wine drinking, barbeques, fast cars that are different for the locals. The local shopkeeper will see potential for more customers, but will need to modify produce sold e.g. increase in videos, alcohol, and frozen food. However some traditional rural services such as the mobile library, village post office, etc. may close down. This is due to the main population of the village commuting and using the services in the cities or place of work instead, they do not use public service, which causes their decline. Newcomers will also increase the price of housing so that local people cannot afford the prices. The newcomers will see the area as a delightful place to live, quiet and clean air. There is a lack of haste in the village, with pleasant countryside walks. They will encourage friends to move as well. Property developers/local builders will see an increased market for new houses and conversions, an opportunity for them, so there can also be increased value of houses in the settlement, and in some cases there are conversions of farm buildings or old school blocks to housing(old properties are converted and modernised). Such as in St Ives Cambridge, where there are a number of new housing developments around the periphery of St Ives. There has been an increase in new exclusive apartments in and around the town and particularly  along the river Ouse. This means that some of the original locals will not be able to afford houses in their own villages, particularly the younger generations (e.g. farmer’s children). This causes resentment. Another problem that occurs is that new comers may not appreciate the traditional values of village life. However, sometimes farmers can make large amounts of money from selling land to urban authorities or developers. Speculators sometimes buy land on the edge of cities in hope that the city will move in that direction and they can make a profit with the land. There aren’t only effects on the village, but the inner city as well. The people who leave the inner city tend to be qualified and skilled and are usually home owners. This leaves behind an untrained workforce that is usually working class or semi skilled. The resulting population decline means that the city looses out on local taxation revenue e.g. council tax and this means that funds for the key facilities decrease.

Free Essays on Christ

The New Testament authors had no qualms about declaring that Jesus was truly human and telling us that Jesus committed no sin. Bible passages such as 2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 4:15, 1 Peter 2:22 and 1 John 3:5 â€Å"witness that He [Jesus] did not give in to temptation, nor violate the moral standards of God, nor was He inconsistent with the nature of his character.† That is, Jesus was sinless. It is vital to our theology that Jesus was sinless. For only if Jesus was sinless could His death have been a vicarious substitution and fulfil God’s redemptive plan for man. If Jesus had not been sinless, then it would mean that He died for His own sins and not those of mankind. Had Jesus died for His own sins then His death could not have been accepted by the Father as a vicariously substitution for the punishment and judgement each of us are entitled to receive. Even though there is no serious debate that Jesus was anything but sinless, theologians have discussed the question of whether Jesus could have sinned if He had wanted. This is called the peccability of Christ. The opposing argument, i.e., impeccability, being that even if He had wanted, Jesus could not have sinned. Upon first consideration, one might view this question as being trivial; something to simply keep the theologians â€Å"out of mischief† when they have nothing better to do. However, there are som e very appropriate reasons for examining this issue. The first reason to examine the issue of Christ’s peccability/impeccability is so that we might obtain a better understanding and a more in depth knowledge about both Jesus Christ and God, just as God has invited us. This is the same reason that we study Theology proper. When we arrive at an answer to this question, we will have additional knowledge about Jesus’ preincarnate state and a better understanding of the meaning of the statement â€Å"Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever .† Second, som... Free Essays on Christ Free Essays on Christ Going to school Monday thru Friday and having fun with your friends on the weekend is something every teenager does, but it can be a troubling situation when you are a Christian? Most teenagers find it very difficult to be accepted by their peers once they find out that they attend church. I feel that just because you have faith in God and know that he is the reason that you breath, is no reason for you to be ashamed that you’re a Christian. I don’t expect for teens to walk around carrying a Bible and preaching to everyone about being Christ-like, but there are some that feel that it is there duty as a Christian to let people know about God .To me it means that I have the love of God in my heart and that I am willing to share that with anyone I meet. By being a Christian it is embedded in me to help others whether it is by way of listening to their problems, helping them with their homework, or relationship issues. A person can let others know about God in different ways besides an in-depth conversation on believing and trusting in the Lord. The main issue is the fact that their friends may not accept them. I feel that if you can’t talk about the way you feel about the Lord and Savior or show by ways and actions, they may not be true friends and are not understanding of your love for him. By teens being open about their Christianity and have come to know the word of the Lord, they may feel that they can’t have fun or go out with their friends because they are not acting in a Christ-like manner. I feel that you could spread the word in all types of ways, whether it is in dance, music, art, or just having fun. Christianity is not meant to make your pleasures less but allows you enjoy life more abundantly through his grace. Out of the little I have said, I hope that there will be at least one teenager that will be willing to open up to a friend to proclaim their love to the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Remember that G... Free Essays on Christ The New Testament authors had no qualms about declaring that Jesus was truly human and telling us that Jesus committed no sin. Bible passages such as 2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 4:15, 1 Peter 2:22 and 1 John 3:5 â€Å"witness that He [Jesus] did not give in to temptation, nor violate the moral standards of God, nor was He inconsistent with the nature of his character.† That is, Jesus was sinless. It is vital to our theology that Jesus was sinless. For only if Jesus was sinless could His death have been a vicarious substitution and fulfil God’s redemptive plan for man. If Jesus had not been sinless, then it would mean that He died for His own sins and not those of mankind. Had Jesus died for His own sins then His death could not have been accepted by the Father as a vicariously substitution for the punishment and judgement each of us are entitled to receive. Even though there is no serious debate that Jesus was anything but sinless, theologians have discussed the question of whether Jesus could have sinned if He had wanted. This is called the peccability of Christ. The opposing argument, i.e., impeccability, being that even if He had wanted, Jesus could not have sinned. Upon first consideration, one might view this question as being trivial; something to simply keep the theologians â€Å"out of mischief† when they have nothing better to do. However, there are som e very appropriate reasons for examining this issue. The first reason to examine the issue of Christ’s peccability/impeccability is so that we might obtain a better understanding and a more in depth knowledge about both Jesus Christ and God, just as God has invited us. This is the same reason that we study Theology proper. When we arrive at an answer to this question, we will have additional knowledge about Jesus’ preincarnate state and a better understanding of the meaning of the statement â€Å"Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever .† Second, som...

BUSMOD 1 - SLP Globalization and Global Strategic Planning Essay

BUSMOD 1 - SLP Globalization and Global Strategic Planning - Essay Example From the Interbrand’s best global brand 2011, Coca Cola has been selected as the world’s most valuable brand. This paper will analyze the Coca Cola Company in the context of globalization and global strategic planning. Globalization and International Operations of Coke Cola Globalization refers to the process through which national economies and cultures are integrated into an international economy so as to enhance international trade, direct foreign investment, migration, and technology sharing. As Mishkin (2008) opines, globalization greatly contributes to effective and rapid circulation of ideas, languages, and cultural ideologies (p.134). With intent to enhance foreign investment and cross-border trade for international business expansion, nations have liberalized cross border trade regulations. Hence, the emergence of globalization brought significant changes in Coke Cola’s international operations and strategic planning as the company had obtained free acce ss to global economies. This process allowed the company to enter highly developing market segments like India, which is currently one of the potential markets of the firm. The Coca Cola gives increased emphasis on human resources management because effective employee participation is essential for the company to ensure global integration of its business operations (The Coca-Cola Company). Nowadays, the company is introducing diverse product lines (for instance, 7.5 ounce mini can) to its markets in order to effectively defend stiff market competition. Recently, the company has formulated a series of corporate and social responsibility programs so as to promote a sustainable growth (Coca Cola Sabco). Marketing Entry Strategy of Coca Cola According to Arnold (2003), while analyzing overseas operations of the Coke, it is obvious that the company practices a global localization or glocalization strategy when considering entry into a foreign market. The localization strategy involves tw o distinct techniques. Under the first method, a multinational corporation adapts its marketing mix in a way that suites its product lines with the foreign market conditions where it entered. In contrast, the second approach involves the development of new-market specific sources. Although the second method is most direct and easy to implement, it involves higher costs and is a slower approach than adaptation. It seems that the Coke practices the both product adaptation and specification approaches. For instance, the company adopted the adaptation strategy while it entered India whereas the Coke dealt with a number of locally oriented brands as part of its market entry in Japan. Similarly, the organization extensively makes use of media as part of product positioning and territory expansion. It is clear that globalization enhanced the development of telecommunications media and which in turn fastened the spread of global mass culture. The higher development of global media as a resu lt of globalization has greatly assisted the Coke to promote its products across regions where it recently entered. In Indian market operation, the Coke Cola has hired several famous film stars like Aishwarya Rai and Vivek Oberoi to endorse its products as part of its

Crito- Socrates argument against escape via the voice of The Laws Essay

Crito- Socrates argument against escape via the voice of The Laws - Essay Example Lastly, in his third argument Crito mentions Socrates responsibility to his children. As their father, it is Socrates responsibility to see that his children are brought up well and educated, and he cant do this if he is dead. (Woozley, 1979) Socrates of course is flattered, but he does not agree. Most of his response involves his theory of political obligation. He is sceptical that he will be welcomed in any other state, or will be happy and comfortable there. He will see himself as a foolish old man willing to humiliate himself in order to buy a few more years of life. If another state accepts him at all, hell be treated as a comic and pathetic figure. In addition, he is also is not swayed by the point about his children. If he flees, he will either take them with him, in which case they will be raised in a foreign land by a cowardly fugitive and lose the benefits of an Athenian upbringing, or they will be left behind to be raised by his friends. The first is undesirable, and the second is the same as what would happen if he were executed. ( Rudebusch, 2009) As far as what people will think of Crito and the others for supposedly failing to rescue him, he reminds Crito that they would long since come to realize that the opinions of the masses typically are not true anyway, just as we shouldnt care what someone who isnt an expert in physical fitness and athletics thinks about your physical training regimen, we also shouldnt care what non-experts think morally about the choices we make in life. Any time there is a choice between doing whats right and doing what will placate other people and avoid the harm that comes from their ill opinion of you, you should always do what is right, up to and including at the cost of your life. This point provides a transition to Socrates discussion of political obligation. He reminds Crito and the others present that they

A critical investigation into the social-economic impacts at a dark Dissertation

A critical investigation into the social-economic impacts at a dark tourism site, particularly Phuket, Thailand - Dissertation Example More specifically, the paper aimed to assess the differences in the travel motivations of Thai and Scandinavian tourists. Also, to establish if there are any differences in the motivations by gender and age. The main findings of the research though not very articulately discussed or even clearly or explicitly mentioned were – 1. Sandanavian and Thai Tourists differed in their motivations to travel to Phuket – Thai tourists motivated by desire to help and curiosity. The Scandinavians were also motivated by attractive marketing packaging and beauty of the destination 2. Younger tourists were motivated by curiosity 3. Female tourists were motivated by safety There is however considerable digression in the paper throughout on the factors or relationships it set out to assess, the aims mentioned in the abstract and the actual findings. Paper B Summary The paper hypothesizes that there is no dichotomy between actual dark tourism sites or the in situ sites and the secondary or the created sites that are established among the affected people. It takes the case study of a single created site - Yad Vashem, Jerusalem that is a memorial to the Holocaust or the Shoah. The researcher proposes that Yad Vashem has equal authenticity and acceptance among a specific set of tourists – the educational tourists as the actual in situ sites of the Shoah across Europe. The paper was able to establish that in the specific context of the educational tourists visiting secondary site of Yad Vashem, there was no difference in their experience and feelings about the authenticity of the site. 2. Identify the research methodology adopted for each paper. Primary Research Secondary Research Paper A Research method/s used Mixed Method (Qualitative and Quantitative) Literature Review Population/Data set(s) For Qualitative – Members of the Thailand Tourism industry (tour operators, hotel managers, staff members of the Tourism Authority of Thailand, members of tsunami me morials ) and For Quantitative – tourists who visited Phuket post Tsunami Searching for articles in databases -focused on tourism in Phuket post tsunami -focused on dark tourism in general -philosophical and opinion articles on thanatourism Sources of information For Qualitative –Interview using one question For Quantitative Self-Administered Survey Questionnaire with information on tourist behaviour, travel motivation and personal demographic characteristics Journal Articles, Books, Opinions, and Newspaper articles Sample Used For Qualitative (n=8) -2 tour operators -2 hotel managers -2 staff member of the Tourism Authority of Thailand -1 local administrator of the tsunami memorial at Kamla beach -3 Scandinavian tourists at Phuket For Quantitative 250 Thai and Scandinavian Tourists Sampling Method(s) Used For Qualitative Snowball sample of stakeholders of three tsunami memorial monuments in Phang Na and Phuket and Bangkok For Quantitative 1. Single Stage Cluster Analy sis to select 3 hotels for tourists in Phuket 2. Convenience sample of Thai and International tourists (only Leisure Tourists )from local Bus Terminals and beaches. Excluding Residents of Phuket 3. Purposive Sampling at Bangkok airport to select Phuket Bound non-Phuket resident leisure tourists Paper B Research method/s used Qualitative Case Study Method Literature Review Population/Data set(s) European Teachers who were Educational Tourists interested in knowing about the Holocaust and Jewish history Searching for art

Creation of a Business School and Curriculum

Creation of a Business School and Curriculum Introduction: With the increased importance and influence of environmental issues in the business world, it is imperative to find out those issues which are important in both business school curricula and textbooks. It is also anticipating that business students are fairly knowledgeable about these issues. It has been seen that business school students have a limited working knowledge of the environment (Barnes Ferry 1992). But, environmental issues are not covered in the majority of the business strategy, international management, marketing, and strategic management textbooks. The world is marked by a progressively more rapid rate of change. Academic institutions are among those institutions in society, which are least prepared to respond quickly to changes (Barnes Ferry 1992). Acclimatizing to new developments and shifting to new areas of inquiry do not come easily for these institutions (Barnes Ferry 1992). The objective behind developing the post-graduate curricula is not only to improve the academic level of the students but also to improve the knowledge of business and corporate professionals, but unfortunately, the management courses provided by the various universities not include the practical knowledge (Barnes Ferry 1992). Developing Post-Graduate Studies in Strategic Management The aim of any business school should be to develop the course, which creates the synergy between academic as well as business world. The objective of the business school should be to develop higher education of excellence (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The courses designed should be based on the practical knowledge of the student and the textbooks should include the corporate and business case study, so that the management students learn about the present scenario in the corporate world. The course must include special knowledge and technical skills. The business schools should develop their rules and regulations for selecting the applicants like there should be rigid standards of qualification for the entrance of new students. The ICFAI business school will be opened in the United States and its masters program would include the courses like MBA, on-line MBA, Post graduation in Strategic management, executive MBA and Business school MBA. The Masters is an academic degree conferred by a business school or university for those who complete two year of prescribed study after the bachelors degree (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). It recognizes the expertise in an academic discipline or professional field of study, which is gained through intensive course work and through a comprehensive examination. Whereas the curriculum of these courses would include corporate education, corporate training, practical real case studies of the organization, long learning cases and regional business associations. Introducing a new master’s program Post graduation in strategic management program is primarily for commerce and arts graduates who are seeking practical and professional specialization in management as well as in corporate world. It’s also appropriate for professionals with a background in related disciplines who are working in the companies as the middle managers. In present years, the demand for educational courses in management has expanded rapidly (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). This has led to a huge demand for the professionals like marketing executives, finance executives, HR executives, etc. The new master’s program of ICFAI business school will emphasize on building the student’s technical background. Its key objectives is that on completion of this course, the candidates will have considerable expertise in key areas of marketing, corporate planning and international marketing (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The program will help the students to apply the acquired techniques and knowledge to develop and implement awareness in organizations. This would help the management students to analyze and examine different projects to meet current and future needs of an organization (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The program has numerous unique features: The students will comprehend global and domestic economic theories and their application to the business setting. The students will understand the strategic theories, the formulation and implementation of strategy. It will promote the use of industry standards (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The half of the program focuses on highly specialized topics such as distributed systems, marketing, international business, and human resource, etc. It includes a compulsory project where students have to attend three to four week projects. The management students will be able to identify customer needs and participate in the process of developing products and services to meet these needs (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The students would be explained about the importance of SWOT analysis, Environment scanning. The students will understand the importance of internal and external appraisal of industry. Students would be able to expand their insight and skills in developing the project management, enterprises and entrepreneurial activities (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The students will have an appreciation of the political, environmental, legal and regulatory setting of the organization. The masters program of the business school would emphasize on the corporate education and training of the students. The students would be acknowledged with the day to day problems that the companies are facing (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The business school would emphasize on the live case studies, so that the students learn about the difficult ties that are faced by the organization. The ICFAI business school will stress on giving the practical knowledge to the students rather than filling their minds with theoretical knowledge (Mathew 2005). The business schools would have links with the various universities and the corporate in order to provide better project training to the students (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The institution would emphasize on the 100% placement of the students. Corporative Universities belong to the enterprise that requires permanent and efficient human resources. It is said that at the end of the present decade, the corporative universities will go beyond in number as compared to the traditional universities (Guadilla 2004). If the corporative universities will grow enduringly, the traditional universities would decrease. The learning modes of the corporative universities are continuously incorporating the modality of distance teaching. The business school would also look forward for the corporate training of the students. Corporate training is a training solution that provides real knowledge of business. Training would help to build the right skill levels amongst the students, which in turn will support them in handling the various projects. Tuition fee for the students is determined at the beginning of an academic year. Tuition fee can be paid at once or in installments. The mode of paying will be regulated at the time of admission (Mathew 2005). Structure of the strategic management course The ICFAI business school programme delivers 40 Master level credits each year. Each section is awarded 10 credits. The range of unit or section varies between the first and second year as well as according to the knowledge and experience of the students. The modules for the first year include: Marketing and Strategic Management I. For the Second year, the modules include: Strategic Human Resource Management, Corporate strategic planning and Dissertation. Contents: The strategic Management contents would include introduction to strategic management; corporate governance and social responsibility; Environmental scanning and Industry analysis; strategy formulation; strategy implementation; Strategic issues in entrepreneurial ventures and businesses. Faculty: The faculty of ICFAI business school will include: Josep Arno, faculty for HR; Michael Bashshur, faculty for Organization Behavior; Xavier Calsamiglia, faculty for economics; Lluà ­s Mosella Ximà ©nez, faculty for business environment; Bernard Retali, faculty for Corporate strategy; Oscar Gutierrez, faculty for finance, etc (MBA faculty 2008). Evaluation: The students in ICFAI business school would be timely evaluated. They would be given proper feedback about the paper, by the faculty members. There would be a special room for evaluating the students’ performance. Regional Implementation strategy Before starting the master’s programme, it is important to evaluate the regional atmosphere of the place. Local strategies mainly focus on the home-market and implement a policy that is more responding to local needs, values and demands. This usually happens on a regional basis like Western European countries or Northern part of Europe. In the US, the University of Chile and the University of Southern Indiana is one of the oldest universities. In Latin America, University of Chile is the most impressive institution. The students in the United States would first prefer these institutes. It is very important that the ICFAI business school provides the extra curricular programmes so that the students prefer it. The Business school has to develop its own strategy to survive in the market. The ICFAI business school has to select the top faculties like Samuel Hollander, Tikva Frymer-Kensky, etc. As far as the glocal view is concerned, it refers to the individual, group, division, unit, organization and community which is willing and is able to think globally and act locally. It is important to plan and implement the global strategy to launch itself in international market. Global strategy is based on a strategy that entails a long-range planning that is designed to achieve desired goals. For business, strategy involves an incorporated and coordinated set of commitments and actions to increase competitive advantages and to obtain the targeted returns. To develop internationally, I would like to develop the branches of business school in the other countries. I would make the proper use of distribution channels. Comparative Analysis of various MBA institutions Every MBA institution has its own courses and curriculum. The curricula differentiate on the basis of the number of subjects, number of projects and the exams criteria, as many institutes have the semester or module system and some have the yearly system. Some of the universities like Ben-Gurion University of Israel provide the courses like Humanities and Social Sciences, natural Sciences, engineering Sciences, health Sciences, management, etc. It emphasizes on the various student development programmes whereas the University of Deusto is one of the most well-known and prestigious academic institutions in Spain, which has campuses both in Bilbao and San Sebastià ¡n (University of Deusto 2008). The Business College of this University was founded in the year 1916 and it was the first college for nearly 50 years in Spain. It became the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration in the year 1973. These universities differ on the basis of the services and education provided by the institutions. Both of the universities are the prestigious as well as renowned institution. The selection of the institutes sometimes depends on the needs and demand of the student. Review of International MBA’s In the present scenario, the area of management is receiving a large amount of attention because the organization and the environment are becoming more and more complex (Barnes Ferry 1992). The globalization process has caused the dispersion of international management. Such a process of transmission may be contributing to an increasing homogeneity of managerial practice around the world but significant differences will still remain. The importance of MBA programmes has resulted in diverse systems and intended to guide prospective students in their choice. International accreditation provides the independent way to judge the quality of degrees, and is also honored by three global bodies (Wiggett 2008). These are the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB); the Association of MBAs (AMBA) and European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS). Grading the institutes also helps in choosing a university or business school but it is very different from accreditation (Wiggett 2008). According to the Boston Universitys School of Management, it has been seen that business schools are years behind the corporate practices. The students are not provided with any kind of practical knowledge. These universities include business and society textbooks and a number of business law textbooks which deal with environmental issues (Barnes Ferry 1992).

The Western Formula Essay -- essays research papers

A seemingly traditional approach towards the Western frontier is the reason for John Cawelti's assessment from The Six-Gun Mystique. His description of the Western formula being 'far easier to define than that of the detective story'; may clearly be a paradigm for many authors, but not particularly for Stephen Crane. The standards Cawelti has set forth for a successful Western is quite minimal by thought, but at the same time relevant. Crane signifies a different perspective to these standards. Crane's thoughts for the use of the Western formula are just approaches towards the west, from the introductory setting to the coarse grin one cowboy would make towards another. These do not in fact relate to Cawelti's Western formula. Crane's deviation from the formula western signifies his deeper approach towards issues such as human existence and morality—the ethical code that we follow for success. Crane perhaps does this because he personally finds more significance in the inner mea ning of an issue rather than its surfacing argument. Cawelti's Western formula holds a strong assumption that men are assertive and women are insignificant. He is standardizing the black and white of the West. There is an unequivocal struggle between good and evil—and guns and violence can only solve that. Jane Tompkins standpoint on a Western seems to be a middle ground between Cawelti and Crane. She recognizes that violence is a central theme to a Western, but as well explains how we think of violence. In this day of age, we as a society have prohibited violence as a means of solving problems—Crane does not directly follow this in his stories, but definitely questions it. Cawelti on the other hand marks violence as the only answer—another black and white circumstance. 'This radical discrepancy between the sense of eroding masculinity and the view of America as a great history of men against the wilderness has created the need for a means of symbolic expression of masculine potency in an unmistakable way. This means is the gun, particularly the six-gun'; (Crane 299). Tompkins makes us aware that a stereotypical Western will hold two men as the key factors and a struggle between them. Where Crane tries describing macho cowboys in 'The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky,'; he directs more of the theme towards the role of a woman and how it plays agains... ...r, no struggle between evil and good contradicts the formula western. This was not a black and white, hero and villain situation, rather an annoyance. The entire story had complete irrelevance to a stereotypical Western except for the fact that there were three daughters of the hotel owner, Scully, and they made food. That could be the only potential relation to Cawelti's feel on womens' insignificance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems that Tompkins is the interpreter between Crane and Cawelti. Cawelti defines the standards and Crane seems to contradict them. Tompkins jumps in and explains what Crane has done and why it is not done like Cawelti. Now she does not directly acknowledge either writer, but clearly works for both. 'So instead of offering you a moral, I call your attention to a moment of righteous ecstasy, the moment when you know you have the moral advantage of your adversary, the moment of murderousness. It's a moment when there's still time top stop. There's still time to reflect, there's still time to recall what happened in High Noon, there's still time to say: 'I don't care who's right or who's wrong. There has to be some better way to live'; (Tompkins 239).

Ethics and The Truman Show Essay

In Psychological research, the importance of the building of trust and protection of individuals’ rights relies on the Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics, compiled by The Australian Psychological Society (APS) provides guidelines that must be followed when working with people and animals in research situations and all other areas of professional practice (Grivas & Carter, 2005). The importance of maintaining several ethical standards is highlighted in the present discussion, with reference to the film The Truman Show (2008). The ethical standards include Confidentiality, Informed Consent, The Right to Withdraw and No Harm to Participants. Confidentiality and Informed Consent are all important ethical principles that are related to the film The Truman Show. Confidentiality is that participants have a right to privacy. This is important so participants’ private information is not shared with the whole world. An example of this being breached is when Truman is born in front of a world audience, on a TV show that millions of people are watching 24/7. Informed Consent is that wherever possible, the participants must be appropriately informed of what the study is about and the reasons it’s being conducted (Grivas & Carter, 2005). This ethical principle is important so that the participant knows what is going on. An example of this being violated in the film is that Truman does not know his life is a TV show, so he must not have been told the necessary details and reasons why the experiment is being conducted. Both of these main ethical standards, Confidentiality and Informed Consent are breached in the film Th e Truman Show. The Right to Withdraw and No Harm to Participants are both important ethical standards that are related to the film The Truman Show. The Right to Withdraw ensures that the participant knows that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time. This is important so that the participant doesn’t feel pressured to stay in the experiment if they change their mind and decide they do not want to participate any more. An example of this being violated in the film is when Truman wants to go to Fiji to escape his strange reality, and there are no plane flights until a few months away, so he cannot leave. No Harm To Participants is that participants must not be harmed in any way (Grivas & Carter, 2005). This is important so that  participants do not get mentally or physically harmed in the experiment. An example of this being breached in the film, is that Truman is mentally unwell because he was so unsure of what was going on around him. He began to feel a false sense of security, especially when he realised that the same things were happening each day, and the same people were popping in and out of his life everyday. Both of these main ethical principles are violated in the film The Truman Show. Ethics are important in psychological research because they ensure privacy and safety for the participants. The APS has compiled their own set of guidelines, known as the Code of Ethics. This set of standards includes a number of principles which must be followed in psychological studies. Some of these principles include Confidentiality, Informed Consent, The Right to Withdraw and No Harm to Participants. These standards are all related to the film The Truman Show, in which they are all violated. References Carter, L. & Grivas, J. (2005) Psychology for the VCE Student. Units 1and 2 (5th Ed.) Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. p. 81-88.

Free sample - Advanced research methods. translation missing

Advanced research methods. Advanced research methodsThe issues that these two articles raise are that one; culture plays a major role in influencing a decision of an individual. What could be morally right to a person from one culture could be immoral to another person from a different cultural background. The other issue is that different parts of brains vary in activities when it comes to moral impersonal, moral personal and non moral conditions. This kind of study can be classified as and experiment. This is because people who were being tested, when answering questions were undergoing brain scanning by use of FMRI. In this way, the researcher gets first class information as he is the one who watches the results come out (Joshua D. Greene, R. Brian Somerville, Leigh E. Nystrom, John M. Darley, Jonathan D. Cohen, 2001). One of the factor   that the researcher seem to control is that he is able to prove that his findings are true by demonstrating his experimental results. The other way he uses is to explain step by step and seems to have a convincing power. The hypothesis in the study is that certain parts of brain and culture are involved when it comes to make decisions concerning morals. The researcher hypothesis was correct. This is because most of the respondents’ answers and results of the brain scanning were in favor of the hypothesis. The brain scanning followed the laid down procedures (Sandra Blakeslee, 2005). When comparing the information in the New York Times and the short journal, the short journal has deeper information than the New York Times’. The key difference is that the researchers were working on the same issue but the researcher in the short journal went an extra step of doing a brain scan. The moral issue is that it is better to provide more reliable outcome. The information provided can be of great value to the society. This will help people to understand why people behave in a manner that is different to them. References Joshua D. Greene, R. Brian Somerville, Leigh E. Nystrom, John M. Darley, Jonathan D. Cohen (2001). An fMRI Investigation of Emotional Engagement in moral judgment. Science Sandra Blakeslee (2001, September 25). Watching How the Brain Works As It Weighs a Moral Dilemma. New York Times

Censorship and First Ammendment Rights essays

Censorship and First Ammendment Rights essays Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech or of the press... So why is censorship such a big deal? Maybe because the time this was written you didnt have to worry about people expressing their thoughts with words like shit, fuck, or fag. What if those words are just your way of getting the point across? For example, which is more effective on getting people to be quiet and listen, someone yelling be quiet! or someone yelling shut the fuck up!!! Of course the latter is going to get peoples attention. One of the most controversial publicly expressed people would have to be Eminem. Most of his lyrics do have cuss words in them, but isnt that freedom of speech? Hes not going out in public and yelling these things on the streets, if you dont want to hear him, dont listen to him. You dont have to buy his CDs and you dont have to go to his concerts. Many of his songs do have a meaning to them. Like the song Cleaning Out My Closet expresses why he feels such strong dislike towards his mother. To some people they might listen to his music and relate. But because of some people personally not liking his music, message or not, they dont want his music heard. He writes for people to hear what he has to say. In this line from the song My Dads Gone Crazy Id rather... have pussy lips glued to my face with a clit ring in my nose then quit bringing my flows, so quit giving me my ammo, Cant you see why Im so mean? If yall would leave me alone this wouldnt be my M.O. I wouldnt have to go eenie, meenie, meinie, mo, catch a homo by his toe he gives a reason why he says what he says. He feeds off of the media and the public saying what they do about him. He likes to rap and society wont let him say what he wants, so he says t...

Marketing Issue Concerning Positioning Strategy of Clean Edge Essay - 37

Marketing Issue Concerning Positioning Strategy of Clean Edge - Essay Example Considering this problem, Randall, the one given the authority to take charge of positioning strategy of Clean Edge has to find alternative courses of actions then analyze them well and choose the probable best among them. The entire problem highlights the idea of marketing issue concerning positioning strategy of Clean Edge. It talks about the point whether it is good to pursue its launching in the market knowing that it could somehow compete with company’s bread and butter such as Paramount Pro and Avail. The company might be a bit hesitant to pursue this issue as there are required data needed to be unearthed prior to the actual decision-making process. Thus, it is not enough to rely on the point that the customers are becoming sophisticated, knowing what they exactly need in the advent of technological advancement. For this reason, Randall, on behalf of the Paramount should consider investigating alternative courses of actions. One alternative course of action is to launch Clean Edge as a niche product within a year or two, which has to be the indicated period of the market trial. For this reason, he has to consider conducting economic analysis in order to be sure about the output. This part icularly would take into account some probable impacts such as the cannibalization effect. So a profit-loss pro forma is necessary in order to find out Clean Edge’s performance and its potential impact on the current profit Paramount’s top products are generating. It is not easy to decide right away. What Randall requires is a thorough market research on this issue taking into account the associated economic analysis and a benefit-loss analysis. In order for Paramount to grow more, it has to significantly analyze the product life cycle of its top products and the extent to which customers are becoming sophisticated with the latest innovations in technology.  

On student engagement and interaction in IT-based education Essay

On student engagement and interaction in IT-based education - Essay Example The notion of pedagogy is strikingly complex (Anderson, 2005). Nonetheless, such notion could generally be defined in three ways: as a process of knowledge transfer; as a structure of information transfer; and as an art of teaching The third definition of pedagogy as a theory and praxis is considerably broad. This paper, however, heavily uses the term â€Å"pedagogy† as the process of teaching in which a particular knowledge or information is transmitted from one person or group to another. On the other hand, the question of how Information and Technology, or simply IT, significantly affects classroom learning can be substantially answered through the elements characterized in IT system and their intricate processes relating to the practice of pedagogy. Wellington (1994) gives several factors in which present-day IT system is highly advantageous: (1) stores a huge amount of information; (2) performs complex operations and calculations; (3) processes and displays a set of data in many and varied formats; and (4) facilitates in communicating information. By and large, these factors are indirectly and probably directly connected to the process of classroom teaching since pedagogy involves information, calculation, processes, and communications. Needless to say, IT is only a medium used in transferring a specialized type of data (i.e., body of knowledge) from one or numerous person/s to another. Engaging and Interacting Information and Technology widely facilitate the teacher’s pedagogy in encouraging and stimulating the learner’s engagement and interaction. ... In general, IT as a tool stimulates the students to be engaged, if not engrossed, into learning experience via experimentation or technological manipulation. In the University of Minnesota’s Interactive Classroom, biology students in their freshmen year are able to create ideas or knowledge based from their group interaction using IT application. In the context of conjectural paradigm, learners from this state-of-the-art classroom are able to visually and conceptually construct models, say, of the human body (e.g., cell structure) via the given interface. The biology teacher from said University says that the IT medium is a valuable tool for transforming a textbook-based knowledge into a new and fresh idea (University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences, 2009). Another category is called revelatory paradigm; this paradigm primarily aims to permit students in discovering ideas or hypotheses in their own way. Unlike the â€Å"anyone anyone† type of classroom pedag ogy, interactive classroom as a method of teaching allows students to explore and discover the field or knowledge of biology in the way that suits their intellectual curiosity. Problem, Solution, and Impression One of the major obstacles of classroom education with respect to IT-based learning is the so-called digital divide. Like the notion of pedagogy, digital divide as a concept is varied. Besides economic in nature, the term â€Å"digital divide† entails the inability to acquire knowledge and learning via computer application due mainly to the adult person’s being â€Å"resistant to change† (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2000). Moreover, the

Why Pit bulls should not be banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Pit bulls should not be banned - Essay Example The controversy surrounding particular breed of pit bulls is hidden from nobody these days. It is believed that the controversial rumors intended to attach a horrendous and notorious reputation to these dogs are specially appreciated by those who do not own one of these themselves. In contrast, the proponents of pit bull bans argue that dog bite epidemic has become a recognized problem in the US lately and it is high time now that weight actions at superior level be made to pin down the reports of pit bulls killing and maiming people. Facts and discussion presented in this essay are meant to illuminate the reality of the claim that â€Å"pit bulls should not be banned rather efforts should be directed at educating the dog owners and people and passing the strictest criminal and dog control laws.† There is an increasing need to acknowledge the fact that on grounds of only a few nasty and sorry incidents, not all pit bulls should be banned because unreasonable aggression is not a part of their nature and they tend to attack only under certain stressful or perilous circumstances. Not just pit bull but any other dog also would feel compelled to attack upon being annoyed by owners or other people who are not properly educated about a certain breed’s specifics which implies that people are to be blamed for the pit bull bite problem and not the entire breed itself. The idea of banning pit bulls should be condemned by everyone as one argument against implementation of breed specific laws reasonably suggests that â€Å"banning a breed is like human racial discrimination† (Phillips). ... roponents of pit bull bans claim that not only pit bulls but all closely related breeds should be banned which reflects a severe violation of animal rights because if it is really desired to put an end to the dog bite issues in the US, then those criminal minded dog owners should be apprehended and interrogated who subject the pit bulls to insanely hard to believe cruel and atrocious treatment as a way of making them violently dangerous. Why pit bulls are judged in such a negative and biased manner and arguments are made to ban them when they are not the culprits in the first place but innocent victims of severe abuse and cruelty? The proponents of pit bull bans should actually question their own flawed argument to â€Å"ban pit bulls and their closely related breeds† (Phillips). Another popular argument enthusiastically spread by the proponents of pit bull bans is related to the extreme danger associated with pit bulls because apparently this danger is so well established tha t these dogs are held responsible for about â€Å"75% of all reported canine-inflicted human deaths in the past two decades† (Phillips). What is sad is that the large group of advocates openly supporting the breed bans also includes some respected figures like Ingrid Newkirk whose opinions are trusted and considered valid. But the important thing is not to blindly believe someone else’s beliefs but to responsibly take up an issue to explore it in an impartial manner and reach decisions as objectively as possible. Considering the long history of cruel treatment of pit bulls at hands of the inhuman owners, the banning argument loses its validity along with the claim that pit bulls and other closely related breeds account for majority of all canine-inflicted deaths reported in the US. This is because

Education in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Education in Pakistan Essay President Asif Ali Zardari signed ‘The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Bill 2012’ into law. The bill, which sought to ensure all children between five to 1 6 years of age are provided free education. He urged provincial governments to promulgate similar legislations in their respective assemblies as well. He said the responsibility for providing free education rests with both federal and provincial governments, referring to article 25-A of the Constitution. The article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to children of the age group 5 to 16 years. The federal government will now provide free textbooks and uniform s to children and ensure schools have qualified teachers. Free pre-school education, early childhood care and free medical and dental inspection will also be provided to all citizens and no child will be subjected to corporal punishment â€Å"Under the law, private schools will be required to provide free education to disadvantaged students, who will comprise 10% of each class,† Zardari said, adding that school management committees will be established to persuade parents into sending their children to schools. â€Å"We will honor our international commitments and achieve the targets set by the Education for All and Millennium Development Goals initiatives. National Educational Policy 2009 Under the 18th constitutional amendment control and management of the education sector has been devolved to the provinces. They are now responsible for the key areas of the education sector i.e. curriculum and syllabus, centers of excellence, standards of education up to intermediate level (Grade 12) and Islamic education. Planning and policy and standards of education beyond Grade 12 are covered under Federal Legislative List. All the provinces have shown their commitment to the National Education Policy 2009. The National Educational Policy (NEP) 2009 is a milestone which aims to address a number of issues including: * Quality and quantity in schools and college education * Universal primary education * Improved Early Children Education (ECE) * Improved facilities in primary schools * Converting primary schools to elementary schools * Detaching classes XI-XII from college education * Adopting a comprehensive definition of ‘free ‘education * Achieving regional and gender parity especially at elementary level the share of resources for education in both public and private sectors Accordingto the latest Pakistan Social and Living StandardsMeasurement (PSLM) Survey 2010-11, the literacyrate for the population (10 years and above) is 58percent during 2010-11,

Hurrican Katrina :: Natural Disasters

Hurricane Katrina is one of the most powerful storms ever to threaten the United States for the past 100 years. It is the third most powerful hurricane to make landfall in the United States. The duration of the storm was from August 23 through August 31, 2005. The storm had a short period of time but its damages were so tragic that left long term damages (Figure 1). As shown in figure 2 you can see that on August 23rd Hurricane Katrina at first seems to be just a tropical depression in southeastern Bahamas. Then the tropical depression turned into a tropical storm on August 24th. During the afternoon it made landfall in south Florida with stronger winds and it turned into a category 1 (wind speeds of 75mph or greater) hurricane on August 25th. Hurricane Katrina strengthened and the worst was about to begin. (NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, 2005) On August 26th atmospheric and sea-surface conditions were contributing to cyclone's rapid growth that lead to Katrina attaining major hurricane status (Figure 3 and 4). Katrina continues to strengthen and move northwards. Katrina had sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h) in which the storm was labeled as a category 5 (Figure 5) hurricane. A category 5 hurricane is the most intense type of hurricane. As a category 5 hurricane Katrina continue to cause damages to many states for five days. (NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, 2005) Hurricane Katrina caused extensive damages along the central Gulf Coast states of the U.S. It affected cities such as New Orleans, Bahamas, South Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. Hurricane Katrina caused damages of about $100+ billion and this is the most costly tropical cyclone of all time. It killed about 1,383 people and it can potentially be more. The Hurricane also left millions of people homeless and without anything to look forward to. Many people lost their homes, some their family and friends, and everything they own. The impact of Katrina's force will need weeks and months of recovery efforts to restore normality. We hope that the U.S does not have to face another hurricane like Katrina in a very long time. (Wikipedia, 2005) The rising sea and violent winds thrashing through the coast of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama was not the only thing responsible for the damages that the Hurricane Katrina left behind. The area's natural environment had human-made changes that increased the effects of the storm; giving it the opportunity to become one of the largest natural disasters in the nation's history.

Literacy Case Study

Literature serves as a repository of human experience. The possibility of such is evident in the personal and political character evident in the creation of a literary work. Such a character is present in the process of creating a literary work. The literary work may be depicted as an artist’s compilation of thoughts and ideas formulated into a coherent whole. The process of formulating such is spearheaded by the artist’s acquisition of language through the socialization process. Socialization occurs at the formal and informal level. The formal level is generally characterized by the acquisition of the syntactical and semantical rules of a language. Such a process occurs during a child’s education. The acquisition of language, as well as the development of the interest for a particular language may occur during the early part of a child’s socialization process with the family. The family serves as the main element for a child’s acquisition of interest for particular styles or one may even state for particular literary genres. Hence, a child who has been introduced at an early age to fairly tales may have a taste for the fantastic and the supernatural. At the same time, a child introduced to personal narratives may develop an interest for personal narrations. In lieu of this, what follows is the result of literacy case study conducted with a peer/classmate. The study opts to present an analysis of a peer’s literacy level though the analysis of his/her reading and writing skills. Such an analysis involves the assessment of the individual’s personal views to the reading and writing process and the relation of these views to the individual’s assessment of his literacy level. Method The methodology employed for this case study involves a one on one interview with a particular peer/classmate. The methodology used enables the interviewer to assess the literacy level of the interviewee in terms of conversational language. Such an assessment enables the interviewer to consider the interviewee’s communication skills, which mirrors the interviewee’s self-perceived competency of his literacy level. Evaluation This case study was conducted with a classmate [Ali]. Several questions were posed which considered Ali’s socialization experience in terms of language acquisition. The study shows that an individual’s literacy level increasingly develops throughout the life span because of the continuous stimulation of various stimuli that necessitates the individual’s continuous use of his reading and writing skills. In Ali’s case, this is evident, as he perceives literature as the focal point, which enabled him to develop an interest for the other subjects during his junior year. In relation to this, his later years of development [specifically that which is situated within the University] mirrors his literacy development. Ali’s development has shifted towards a highly personal consideration of the role of these aforementioned skills in the development of his own voice and hence his own identity. Summary and Recommendations Based upon the interview, I perceive Ali’s utilization of the personal value that literature serves for the individual. Personal here ought to be understood as private. Literature for Ali thereby serves as an ensemble of various accounts that serve to reject the discursive unity that constructs subjectivity as simultaneously individualized and totalized since literature as Ali perceives it or utilizes it in his life takes the form or style of several generic discourses. The acts correlated with literature [reading and writing] thereby stand for Ali as acts that enable the discovery of the self through the daily recording of events that allows the creation of his singular account of the transactions and movements of his life. As I reckon, Ali’s interest lies in the creation of self-narratives in the form of daily records of his daily transactions. Such an act may be seen as an exercise of selfhood wherein Ali portrays his perception of his intimate self while recognizing that it is his mere perception of his self. Ali thereby allows the subversion of the act of turning â€Å"real lives into writing† as he allows the existence of conflicts and confusions in the formation of his identity [as depicted in his writings]. Ali himself notes that literature enables him to perceive the mistakes the he continuously commits in the act of delving within and understanding a literary work. Literature, in this sense, presents Ali with the form in which he may be able to continuously exercise the act of self-formation and hence self-creation. The possibility of such is evident if one considers that Ali takes the act of understanding a literary work as an internal act, which necessitates the reader’s complete understanding of the content of literary work. Such an understanding, although enabled and nurtured within a group through the introduction of various diverse views is only possible when one isolates one’s self in order to reassess one’s thoughts in connection to the simultaneous views presented within a group. To understand a literary work thereby serves as a process of reconsidering the self in order to attain a form of consensus within one’s self that enables the self’s creation and hence specification of its view. Literature, for Ali, thereby serves as a medium for self discovery and self creation wherein the acts of both reading and writing serve as the facilitators for the initial creation and finally in the end Ali’s own medium for the specification and exposition of his self as represented through his own creative work.      

Eli Liily

1. Discuss Eli Lilly’s practices from the perspectives of utilitarianism and rights. The utilitarian principle affirms that, â€Å"an action is right from an ethical point of view if and only if the sum total of utilities produced by that act is greater than the sum total of utilities produced by any other act the agent could have performed in its place.† (Velasquez, 61) When Lilly began using homeless alcoholic subjects for phase 1 testing, they met the requirements set forth by Congress and the FDA. These subjects came forward, regardless of their personal motivation, to perform a service that would benefit the greater good. This act exemplifies utilitarianism. (Utilitarianism Principle, 63) To oppose this principle we would argue the two moral issues of rights and justice simultaneously. Some actions are morally right even if they are unjust (Utilitarianism Principle). An example of this would be a decision to steal food for your family or to let them go hungry. A person would need to decide between â€Å"legal good† versus â€Å"greater good† of feeding your family. The basic notion that separates justice from morality and suggests that one need only consider morality. (Rule-utilitarianism, 69) 2. In your judgment, is the policy of using homeless alcoholics for the test subjects morally appropriate? Why or Why not?  I believe that it is morally appropriate to use homeless alcoholics for test subjects if you consider this, an action is morally right if carrying out the action the agent exercises, exhibits or develops a morally virtuous character, and is morally wrong to the extent that by carrying out the action the agent exercises, exhibits, or develops a morally vicious character. (Virtue theory, 112) To oppose this principle we would argue the two moral issues of rights and justice simultaneously. Some actions are morally right even if they are unjust (Utilitarianism Principle). An example of this would be a decision to steal food for your family or to let them go hungry. A person would need to decide between â€Å"legal good† versus â€Å"greater good† of feeding your family. The basic notion that separates justice from morality and suggests that one need only consider morality. (Rule-utilitarianism, 69) The sacrifices these men are making are for the ultimate good of society. (Utilitarianism theory)

Timeline of the Persian Wars 492-449

Timeline of the Persian Wars 492-449 The Persian Wars (sometimes known as the Greco-Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, beginning in 502 BCE and running some 50 years, until 449 BCE. The seeds for the wars was planted in 547 BCE when the Persian emperor, Cyrus the Great, conquered  Greek Ionia. Before this, the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire,  centered in what is now modern-day Iran, had maintained an uneasy coexistence, but this expansion by the Persians would eventually lead to war.   Timeline and Summary of the Persian Wars 502 BCE,  Naxos: An unsuccessful attack by the Persians on the large island of Naxos, midway between Crete and the current Greek mainland,  paved the way to revolts by Ionian settlements occupied by the Persians in Asia Minor. The Persian Empire had gradually expanded to occupy Greek settlements in Asia Minor, and the success of Naxos at repelling the Persians encouraged the Greek settlements to consider rebellion.  c. 500 BCE, Asia Minor: The first revolts by Green Ionian regions of Asia Minor began, in reaction to oppressive tyrants appointed by the Persians to oversee the territories.  498 BCE, Sardis:  Ã‚  Persians, led by Aristagoras with Athenian and Eritrean allies, occupied Sardis, located along what is now the western coast of Turkey. The city was burned, and the Greeks met and were defeated by a Persian force. This was the end of the Athenian involvement in the Ionian  revolts.492 BCE, Naxos: When the Persians invaded, the inhabitants of the island fled. The Per sians burned settlements, but the nearby island of Delos was spared. This marked the first invasion of Greece by the Persians, led by Mardonius. 490 BCE, Marathon: The first Persian invasion of Greece ended with Athens decisive victory over the Persians at Marathon, in the Attica region, north of Athens.  480 BCE, Thermopylae, Salamis: Led by Xerxes, the Persians in their second invasion of Greece defeated the combined Greek forces at the Battle of Thermopylae. Athens soon falls, and the Persians overrun most of Greece. However, at the Battle of Salamis, a large island west of Athens, the combined Greek navy decisively beat the Persians. Xerxes retreated to Asia.  479 BCE, Plataea:  Persians retreating from their loss at Salamis encamped at Plataea, a small town northwest of Athens, where combined Greek forces badly defeated the Persian army, led by Mardonius. This defeat effectively ended the second Persian invasion. Later that year, combined Greek forces went on the offensive to expel Persian forces from Ionian settlements in Sestos and Byzantium.  478 BCE, Delian League: A joint effort of Greek city-states, the Del ian League formed to combine efforts against the Persians. When Spartas actions alienated many of the Greek city-states, they united under the leadership of Athens, thereby beginning what many historians view as the start of the Athenian Empire. Systematic expulsion of the Persians from settlements in Asia now began, continuing for 20 years.   476 to 475 BCE, Eion: Athenian general Cimon captured this important Persian stronghold, where Persian armies stored huge stores of supplies. Eion was located west of the island of Thasos and south of what is now the border of Bulgaria, at the mouth of the Strymon River.  468 BCE, Caria: General Cimon freed the coastal towns of Caria from the Persians in a series of land and sea battles. Southern Aisa Minor from Cari to Pamphylia (the region of what is now Turkey between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean) soon became part of the Athenian Federation.  456 BCE, Prosopitis: To support a local Egyptian rebellion in the Nile River Delta, Greek forces were besieged by remaining Persian forces and were badly defeated. This marked the beginning of the end of Delian League expansionism under Athenian leadership  449 BCE, Peace of Callias: Persia and Athens signed a peace treaty, although, to all intents and purposes, hostilities had ended several years earlier. Soon, Athens would find itself in the middle of the Peloponnesian Wars as Sparta, and other city-states rebelled against Athenian supremacy.