Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Controversial Issues in the NGO Committee Research Paper

Disputable Issues in the NGO Committee - Research Paper Example NGOs also called non-legislative associations or common society associations have been in existent for quite a while. Thus, their necessities have gotten acknowledgment by intergovernmental associations, for example, the United Nations. Along these lines, they have been counseled since the commencement of the United Nations under its unique name, League of Nations, their consultative status got consideration in the United Nations sanction under the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Also, the objective of this committee was to talk with non-legislative, associations on issues that concerned them making an open door for the consultative status of NGOs. There are various NGOs with the consultative status at present outlining high situation status of NGO . In any case, debate has shaken the situation of NGOs into this section of consultancy inferable from the way that the NGOs apply to be remembered for the counseling panels. The principal noteworthy questionable issue is the significance appended to NGOs because of their combination in all cases in nearly the whole United Nations framework. This is inferable from the way that the UN is getting exceptionally subject to NGOs to direct handle administrations and execute the goals that the UN passes. Regardless of the advantages it represents, this reliance shows the unbecoming idea of the UN in designating duties. The other issue concerning consultancy status is the effect that NGOs have on political outcomes.3 This is on the grounds that for NGOs to propel what they represent, they expect access to persuasive figures, for example, state delegates who hold the ability to propel their goals. Along these lines, allowing access to these powerful pioneers influences policymaking. In any case, on consultancy, political interests impact the NGOs chose to have the status, once in a while. This is on the grounds that the Committee on NGOs makes proposal on which NG Os should take up a position, however an official conclusion is made by the ECOSOC. This raises contention because of the standards utilized in settling on a ultimate conclusion, in view of either merit or political interests. For instance, a few individuals from ECOSOC have effectively halted the endorsement of NGOs that have convictions that conflict with the positions of the nations as found in the instances of China and Cuba against the NGO, A Woman’s Voice International.4 what's more, there is the issue of dissent that is utilized on certain NGOs attributable to political interests of certain nations. Such incorporate the Kurdish Human Rights Project that was marked as a dissenter development that didn't represent the necessities of the individuals however rather was a political movement.5 In the application, the NGO pulled back attributable to the way that a few individuals hold such partialities and in this way don't give reasonable hearings in the utilization of consu ltancy status. Also, a few NGOs raise debate by conflicting with the UN sanction that permits them to be in the consultancy position they appreciate. This is by scrutinizing the sway of certain countries or having ulterior thought processes concerning their application for the consultancy status. In any case, a few countries bear the discipline of conflicting with the UN sanction notwithstanding not damaging the guidelines that put them in the consultative position similarly as found on account of the Kurdish Human Rights Project.6 This implies a large portion of the discussion found in the NGO board of trustees is generally

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Study

Schools subsidiary with Granola Board. My first school was The Educators High School for Boys Cantonment Plaza Shallot where I have concentrated till my Matriculation. I passed my registration in 2011. I generally needed to concentrate abroad and after a great deal of research I pick Australia as my goal for additional instruction, since Australia offers an instructive encounter that makes a genuine difference.Australia is a dynamic, lively nation with vivacious, well disposed individuals. Multicultural Australia is English-talking and a protected and cordial society in which understudies can learn and travel unreservedly. I pick Sydney since Sydney offers an incredible way of life and elevated level of security, settling on it the main decision for some global understudies. Understudies who decide to concentrate there can be certain they will locate the enchanting blend of a laid-back yet uplifting spot to contemplate, learn, and live.I wish to learn at the King's Owns Institute of Sydney, since t offers a special instructive encounter that cultivates self-conviction, rewards autonomous idea and energizes asking minds. Business Management furnish you with both delicate abilities, for example, correspondence, critical thinking and moral comprehension to empower you to work with individuals, just as the hard aptitudes related with specific zones of study, including bookkeeping, processing, financial aspects, fund, law, the board, promoting, science, tasks and undertaking management.Workplace learning subjects will offer vital and global points of view that will set you up for work in territorial, national and worldwide associations. Subsequent to finishing my course in Australia I have a great deal of chances to be benefited in Pakistan. I can set up my own business just as I will give my administrations to any presumed or Multinational Organization. I will be sufficiently talented to work in any Multinational association as I as of now have the best relational abilities. There is a ton which draws in me to return and render my administrations to any association or to my family business.I accomplished 5. 5 groups, generally in my LILTS test. I essentially have order over English language. English is the Basic need of a global understudy. I will be attempting to improve my English language and for that I initially applying to PIPE (Australian Institute of Professional Education) in PUPAE-English for Academic Purposes course. Pakistan is my last goal since I have my locale and family lives here. I am just permitted to concentrate abroad and afterward I need to return and live In Pakistan. I likewise need that.I need to help my family ethically in future. I can't survive without my folks and they will be in Pakistan until the end of time. I have a place with a rich family. My dad maintains his own business, and the name of the organization is Bolder Sports. He sends out motorbike calfskin and material articles of clothing. My dad is my suppor t; he procures a profoundly steady and sound pay. My dad additionally has land properties worth millions to ensure that I ought to never confront any issue. I may work low maintenance to gain proficiency with the hierarchical culture too and to have Study Study

GFI Executive Report

Gracie Fay International (GIF) has a craftsmanship to comprehend their capacities to record, group, and sum up their money related, yet they are deficient with regards to the comprehension of their cost bookkeeping frameworks, item costs for creation of took balls, explicit occupation request cost for unique request items, and their cost data on the two models of pitching machines, which these zones are not being Justify on how Important cost bookkeeping is too developing organization Like GIF.These four territories will be investigated In more detail so as to reveal insight into every movement, which will guarantee that GIF Is asking a benefit, right choices, and perceives any remedies that need to me made. GIF must comprehend that cost bookkeeping Is an Important capacity In their corporate technique. Cost bookkeeping Is known as administrative, or the board bookkeeping, which It gives monetary, and budgetary Information In settling on choice for the organization. Its shopping cent er target is to give data In spooning the executives to design, direct, and control operations.It likewise improves these controls by providing information on the expense acquired to each assembling office. The ranges of abilities that I have will improve GIF on numerous levels, and they incorporate; full information on buying arrangements, procedures, and systems, adjust and accommodate records, ready to research and resolve unbalance issues, have solid specialized aptitudes, strong dynamic abilities, and the capacity to practice autonomous Judgment, organize and plan, work exercises effectively to fulfill time constraints, fill in as a group or freely, definite situated, phenomenal oral and composed relational abilities, and solid numerical skills.Cost the board is utilized to plan, and control the organization's choice procedure, wherein lessen cost would be lower, and item worth would increment for clients. It gives data that guarantees the executives makes short, and long haul choices regardless of what sorts of materials are being utilized, changes in plant process, or in item structure. The executives would settle on these sort of choice to build momentary benefits, and Improve the drawn out situation of the organization. There are three cost framework that are utilized for assembling tasks; Job request cost framework, Process cost frameworks, and Activity based (BBC).Job request Is utilized to lessen items for explicit requests, and It appraises the expenses with creating the merchandise for various Jobs (Atkinson et. Al. 2005 p. 79) Process costing Is regularly utilized by organizations that work utilizing consistent preparing. This kind of framework applies the expenses of creation, work and backing effectively as the products go through the distinctive procedure stages. (Atkinson et al, 2005, p. 92-94) BBC has a two phases, the main stage Is cost Is assigned to pools, and the subsequent stage Is the cost pools are allotted to items, or administratio ns. (Edmonds et al, 2006, p. 33). These septets incorporate understanding the distinction among assembling, and non fabricating costs, registering the expense of assembling an item, repaying cost conduct with regards to using cost volume benefit connections, setting costs, planning, controls, and capital with regards to the organization's procedures. Change crude materials into completed item, and the cost comprise of essential materials, and parts, work, and processing plant overhead so as to finish a completed item. The material, and work is delegated direct, or circuitous to the completed product.To clarify direct material, it is taking significant parts, which can be followed to the completed item. It checks these parts cautiously, as a result of the hugeness to the item, for instance take a grass cutter its significant segments are the motor, wheels, and handle, however the backhanded materials is those minor things like screws, nuts, fasteners, washers, and oils, which is repr esented as manufacturing plant overhead. Cost bookkeeping additionally incorporates direct work costs, which is all work costs for explicit work performed on items that can be helpfully and financially hustled too item unit.Factory overhead is all manufacturing plant costs that are in a roundabout way related with the completed stock. With regards to cost conduct, the expenses don't change altogether, in any event, when the item numbers increment, or decline, and is considers to be fixed cost, a model would be lease. Other cost that a plant may bring about would be known as non producing cost, which incorporates selling, managerial, and financing costs that are deducted as costs from the business incomes. The assembling creation process incorporates, Job shops, bunch streams, and so on. Which help decide the sort of item cost framework the organization may utilize.It is comprehended that when settling on a choice its best to utilize estimation of expenses, however the executives mus t have a smart thought on how expenses carry on. There are a few techniques that administration could utilize; the high low strategy, or the least square relapse. At the point when an organization is setting costs there is one way to deal with consider, that would be the expense in addition to evaluating. At that point the organization can apply the best possible markup given the serious economic situations, and different variables, similar to target selling cost. In equines a spending helps in arranging, and controlling of the organization. Ace spending plans comprise of working, and money related budgets.The working spending gauge deals, while monetary financial plan depends on information from pay articulation. Let not overlook that budgetary control is required, this procedure thinks about genuine working outcomes, and to recognize issue zones so as to address the issues. Taking everything into account cost bookkeeping gives items, or administrations that enormously advantage Ga ffs supervisory crew in numerous zones, for example, rivalry, cutting back, or growing internationally, in this manner GIF must comprehend that without cost bookkeeping in their field-tested strategy the organization will be unable to extend their exercises, stay productive or improve its serious standing. Workmanship 2 Product Cost Variable Fixed Direct Electricity x Real Estate Taxes x Indirect Leather to integrate wood Manufacturing Labor Water x Lubricants for Machinery Equipment devaluation Electricity, and Water-is fabricating, variable expense, on the grounds that the business relies upon power, and when deals have expanded it makes more interest for more item. Land Taxes, and Equipment deterioration is fixed, in light of the fact that it stays moment inside an applicable scope of volume, or action.

Friday, August 21, 2020

A Look Into The Arts Essay Example for Free

A Look Into The Arts Essay Workmanship is one part of the past that has carried on for quite a long time. Workmanship in any structure may it be verse, books, and writer, chiseling just as painting, has been an outlet for ages and keeps on being an outlet and a methods for articulation. This paper will talk about â€Å" The Mona Lisa† one of Da Vinci’s most celebrated artworks, just as another extraordinary artistic creation, Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380). The two artworks center around the human structure and display numerous varieties of styles from lines, concealing, shading and potential implications behind the work. The principal bit of work of art that will be looked is from the Renaissance Era. Da Vinci’s â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c. 1519) a canvas that is known far and wide, which has been referred to cause incredulity regarding who is this lady. Did she truly exist? Or then again is this only a self-representation that Da Vinci had the option to show his private commitment for the female structure? The second bit of craftsmanship that will be examined is from The Middle Ages. Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) the two bits of work of art come from various periods however share numerous shared characteristics just as shows the change of workmanship methods from Sfumato, to point of view, just as direct viewpoint, Humanism, foreshortening and more between every time. In the Early Renaissance Era, specialists from Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael Sanzio, Piero della Francesca, Sandro Botticelli and then some, built up an energy and capacity to make craftsmanship that could catch a second may it be an excellent second or deplorable second. These craftsmen were likewise capable sparkle inventiveness and question in the human brain concerning what is or was and why. Much like the medieval times, craftsmanship from the two periods concentrated on strict structures, humanism, from the limited subtleties of a lock of hair to the muscle tone. The Renaissance time built up the straight point of view to make; profundity and edges in work, however the Middle Ages opened the entryway for direct viewpoint to be made. Most delineations from the Middle Ages indicated a human structure that was hardened and schematic, similar to an unfinished version that was rarely finished. Anyway workmanship from the Renaissance Era profoundly affected European craftsmanship. Lilian H. Zirpolo (SNHU. Section 8. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.) Stated â€Å" The upheaval of inventiveness of the period, came about in the most powerful masterful upset ever to have taken place.† There was so much profundity and thought put into Renaissance workmanship that it was the venturing stone for all who set out to make. Da Vinci’ s the â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c.1519) holds Miss. Zirpolo’s explanation to be valid. When seeing the piece, one can see the choice line work and Foreshortening, to straight viewpoint. This fine art demonstrates his tender loving care and his enthusiasm for his work. The â€Å"Mona Lisa† (c.1519) is a little bit of work of art that turned out to be famous. Right up 'til the present time the â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c.1519) still triumphs over Michelangelo’s â€Å"Creation Of Adam† (c.1511), which turned into a piece of the â€Å"Sistine Chapel.†(C.1512) When one perspectives â€Å"The Mona Lisa† they can see the dull shading scale that is utilized, maybe to delineate a troubled time. Da Vinci all through this piece can utilize an ethereal viewpoint inside the foundation of this representation. Da Vinci was the principal craftsman to effectively delineate a flying point of view. Da Vinci additionally utilizes Sfumato in his negative space by mixing, obscuring and relaxing the scene, this method is utilized to make a continuous progress between regions of various shading, dodging sharp frameworks, to which I accept was done as to not remove the point of convergence in his positive space of the canvas. Another incredible angle to the â€Å"Mona Lisa† is that is exhibits the specialty of science revelations that worked out as expected in the Renaissance time frame, which is that they had the option to recognize how the eye sees light, in this manner how light responds with hues and how the natural eye adjusts to the adjustment in shading and light. So for what reason is that of any criticalness in craftsmanship? Well when one takes an artistic creation, for example, the â€Å"Mona Lisa† once can perceive how the shading degree changes to isolate the neck and face from her dress. It makes to a greater degree a sensible vibe to the craftsmanship. The Middle Ages then again centered around two-dimensional creations, their delineations of people were delicate and firm, and the human work of art was idle. (SNHU. The Middle Ages. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.) Like workmanship from the Renaissance, they likewise centered a great deal around Religion, holy perso n hood and people. Actually it portrayed the significance of people dependent on the size they were painted or etched. It concentrated on ladies and God, as the two were vital at that point. Lady we frightened and providers of life and love, their excellence was unwarranted and they were appreciated. God was the omnipotent and the person who made a real existence structure that lady were there to carry on the convention, in a manner of speaking. Is it accepted through the Bible and studies that Jesus was naturally introduced to this world as a supernatural occurrence from a virgin. So Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) maintains that conviction and leaves space for conversation. In the early occasions of God and Mary and the introduction of Christ it was accepted that Immaculate Conception was conceivable, as pre-military sex was a transgression. So to have delineations of such a scene may make one miracle on the off chance that it was at all conceivable at one point in time. This image delineates a Virgin mother pampering her infant, both are envisioned with a â€Å"halo† over their heads which implies the significance of their religion and the acknowledgment of religion into their life as well as into Gods life. As should be obvious here just as in the â€Å"Mona Lisa† there is a complexity among light and dull as to isolate the two bodies and recognize the Virgin from the Child. In a genuine belief in the shading decision of the Virgin when contrasted with the Child, I would state that light hues are utilized for the youngster since he is brought into the world unadulterated and liberated from transgression, where as the Virgin is with wrongdoing and in this way wears a dull robe. Craftsmanship from the medieval times portrays strict occasions, since it was the premise of life at that point. Most craftsmanship from that time were finished by specialists who either decide to or must be mysterious, they we generally two dimensional bits of work of art with a solitary shading foundation, which when taking a gander at Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) one can perceive how this, the foundation is basically one shading, it has been concealed to show detail in the radiance and modeler, however holds near the standard for Middle Aged period workmanship. In spite of the fact that the artwork is set fourth to show a characteristic posture of a mother and youngster, the line work and scrupulousness in the human structure needs. This artwork however an all around painted, mixes the line work of the bodies causing the figures to appear to be practically awkward in their stances. The hues utilized in this canvas may hint an unhappier time fo r the two, as dim hues will in general speak to appalling, melancholy and disappointed occasions. As should be obvious the â€Å"Mona Lisa† from the Renaissance and the â€Å"Virgin and Child† from the Middle Ages, share numerous similitudes as far as their impressions of people. The two times center their craft around humanism, strict, two and three dimensional masterpieces, the bring forth used to make profundity and more measurements. Both the Renaissance and the Middle Ages have altogether different methods of executing the exactness of the human structure. The Renaissance gave extremely close consideration to detail, the line work that is delineated in the human structure is regular and similar, and where as specialists from the Middle Ages who painted people were hardened and still. Despite the fact that the two Eras have extraordinary masterpieces, it was the Renaissance that had all the more a balanced and hopeful method of executing their work, hence making it one of the better Eras for craftsmanship. Assets Page: SNHU. Section Seven The Middle Ages. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I. SNHU. Module Eight The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration.† 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.

Health Care Systems of Singapore and United States Essay

Social insurance Systems of Singapore and United States - Essay Example The WHO Report uncovered that U.S wellbeing framework spends a higher segment of its Gross Domestic Product than some other nation of the 191 nations. The report positioned U.S at position 37 as per its human services execution. Department report of 2006 uncovered that 15.8 percent of residents had no protection spread. This spoke to a surmised of 47 million individuals (DeNavas-Walt et al, 2007:27). This paper thinks about the social insurance frameworks of United States and Singapore. It will take a gander at the association, subsidizing, guideline, and quality. Association The association of the medicinal services framework in United States and Singapore contrasts particularly. To begin with, the structure of the medicinal services frameworks in Singapore urges her residents to take obligations regarding their prosperity. Singapore medicinal services framework contains both private and open emergency clinics. The association of human services framework grasps three focal parts of the social insurance that incorporate Medisave, Medishield, and Medifund. Medislave is a necessary sparing arrangement while Medishield is a minimal effort, cataclysmic medical coverage conspire while Medifund is a government assistance plot. The three records enlarge government’s arrangement of sponsorships for medicinal services. ... The polyclinics account 20 percent of the essential medicinal services arrangement while the private division catches 80 percent. In any case, the general medicinal services represents 80 percent while that of private social insurance is 20 percent in the costly emergency clinic care (Usa, 2009:111). The structure of medicinal services framework in United States is totally different from that of Singapore. The wellbeing framework in United States are exceptionally divided and decentralized. The social insurance framework focus on making benefits and patients pay though wellbeing couldn't care less administrations. Despite the fact that the administration of United States puts numerous assets in the medicinal services framework, the results are terrible. The association of wellbeing framework in United States grasps private and open safety net providers in the medicinal services framework. The health care coverage frameworks incorporate the Medicaid and Medicare (Barr, 2011:14). The M edicare program, which the administration of United State manages, cooks for the older and handicapped individuals. The finance charges and government incomes and premiums fund the Medicare protection. Then again, Medicaid covers the low-pay workers and the crippled. The government law directs that Medicaid ought to guarantee guardians, debilitated, poor pregnant ladies, and the matured individuals as it were. This program is under the State and the District of Columbia. This protection covers around 13 percent of the American individuals that makes around 20 percent of complete medicinal services spending (Barr, 2011:166). Notwithstanding the open Medicare and Medicaid, United States has private protection framework. This spread caters for 58 percent of the American populace adding up to 33 percent of the complete spending of wellbeing consumption (Niles,

Saturday, June 27, 2020

Food for Thought - Literature Essay Samples

How can a commonplace item such as food entail such profound meanings? How can the incorporation of symbols dealing with food into a novel discussing personal identity and invisibility be possible? Ralph Ellisons novel, Invisible Man, manages not only to integrate food symbols into the plot, but also infuses them with significant connotations. One evident symbol represents the narrators acceptance of his southern heritage. Another type of food represents the poverty-stricken conditions of many of the African-Americans of the time. Beverages complement the significance of the food by portraying other peoples views towards the blacks. In this novel, food symbolizes many things, including the narrators acceptance of his heritage, the poverty of the black community, and the covert racism of the Brotherhood.The yams procured by the narrator symbolize his acceptance of his Southern heritage. For example, when the narrator bites into the yam, he is overcome with such a surge of homes ickness that [he] turned away to keep control (264). Although the narrator has put on a faE7ade by acting as if he resents all things southern, this show of emotion proves otherwise. He has subconsciously neglected the more enjoyable facets of the south because the negative aspects, such as racial prejudice, eclipsed them. In addition, the narrator shows his recognition of his history when, referring to the yams, he exclaims, Theyre my birthmark I yam what I am (266)2E The narrator has finally come to terms with his southern legacy and openly accepts it. The period of the narrators disdain for the racist ways of the south has ended, thereby evolving his personality. Although the plump, succulent yams do not appear very often in the novel, their significance is indispensable to the development of the narrator.Cabbage preserves the same implication of poverty throughout the novel. For instance, the narrator describes cabbage as a depressing reminder of the leaner years of [his ] childhood (296). Not only does cabbage remind him of his southern childhood, it also rejuvenates his recollections of deprivation. This furnishes some insight into the ambiguous past of the narrator as well as into his current conditions, both of which were filled with poverty. In addition, at Cliftons funeral, the stench of decaying cabbage portrays the impoverished state of the black community (460). This area, inhabited predominantly by African-Americans, is in an exceedingly appalling condition, which the fetid stench and the vending of rotten food portray. The Brotherhood, which encourages equality on all fronts, has obviously made little or no effort to improve these circumstances for the residents of Harlem. Racism, whether blatant or secret, produced the black communitys paucity, which cabbage symbolizes.Beverages, particularly translucent liquids, demonstrate the Brotherhoods hidden racism. For instance, Emma pours about an inch of clear liquid to each Brother, whi ch causes the narrator to feel, The stuff burned, causing me to lower my head to hide the tears that popped from my eyes (310). The lowering of the narrators head depicts the image of inferiority since people typically let down their heads when in the presence of their superiors. This strong beverage exemplifies the concealed racism within the Brotherhood and should serve as a warning of things to come for the narrator. Furthermore, when the narrator is at the committee meeting, he is stunned when he stared at the glass, seeing how the light shone through, throwing a transparent shadow and there on the bottom of the glass lay an eye (474). The clear water represents the removal of a veil from the narrators eyes as to the true nature of the Brotherhood; the glass eye represents the blindness of Brother Jack. Jack claims he is color blind in regard to race, but in reality, he is blind in the sense that he does not truly see the narrator. The racial discrimination of the Brotherh ood is visibly represented through both of these drinks.Throughout the narrators life, he has seen examples of poverty and racism. Food often symbolizes both of these evils. In the various instances when the author desires to depict the image of privation, he utilizes the symbol of cabbage. Although there are many instances in which items other than food denote racial discrimination, clear liquids do typically imply it in this novel. The narrators desire for yams, a celebrated food of the south, symbolizes his acceptance of his southern past. Ordinarily, he balks at anything that even has a southern implication, but by yearning for yams, the narrator has overcome his hatred for parts of the south. The authors use of food to expose these ideas facilitates the readers comprehension of the situation since the food can be repeated in a wide array of unrelated situations.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Smart Balance Essay Samples - Preparing For High School and College Level Essay Competitions

Smart Balance Essay Samples - Preparing For High School and College Level Essay CompetitionsThere are a few good balance essays samples that can help you in your ability to write a successful essay. You can use them to prepare for high school and even college level essay competitions.Some of the essays samples that you will find for the 8th grade will not be the same as the ones that you will find for the high school. This is because there is an increase in the amount of writing required at these levels.The essays samples that you have chosen will be able to help you know more about how to choose the type of topic and the format for writing an essay. Some of these essays samples have been tested in competition at the higher levels.If you are interested in preparing for these kinds of contests then the essays samples that you have chosen can really help you to prepare for them. They will also help you to find the information that you need to start writing. You will have the ability to find topics that have not been covered previously.You can also find some of the sample topics for essays in high school and college levels. You can also find the information that you need to make your essays a little more interesting and the content should be well researched.It is also important to take a look at the key points that you should include in your essays and try to balance out your essay to get the best possible grade. If you are going to use some of the samples then it will also help you to know what content would be on the list of topics for writing a certain essay.For every kind of essay that you need to prepare for, one of the essay samples is able to help you. These essay samples will be able to help you to make sure that you do not fall behind the pace of the other students and to maintain the skill set that you have learned to write effective essays.